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Table 2 Incidence of CHE in relation to socio economic variables and income quintile, 2001–2012

From: Impact of out of pocket payments on financial risk protection indicators in a setting with no user fees: the case of Mauritius

  

CHE_10% a (%)

CHE _25% b (%)

CHE_WHO_ 40% c (%)

2001/02

2006/07

2012

2001/02

2006/07

2012

2001/02

2006/07

2012

Quintile

Poorest Quintile 1

3.3

2.08

3.24

0.48

0.23

0.38

0.76

0.23

0.51

Quintile2

4.84

2.95

5.46

0.38

0.28

0.68

0.36

0.57

1.1

Quintile 3

5.18

6.95

8.25

0.28

1.81

1.17

0.36

1.35

1.06

Quintile 4

6.56

8.24

11.64

0.92

1.21

1.98

0.62

0.72

0.95

Wealthiest Quintile 5

9.05

12.37

15.66

1.52

2.58

4.74

0.96

1.79

2.66

Region

Rural

5.45

5.71

7.24

0.72

1.1

1.3

0.57

0.86

0.93

(95% CI)

(4.7–6.1)

(4.9–6.4)

(6.4–8)

(0.4–0.9)

(0.8–1.4)

(0.9–1.6)

(0.3–0.8)

(0.5–0.11)

(0.6–1.2)

Urban

6.3

7.7

11.39

0.71

1.36

2.6

0.67

1.04

1.77

(95% CI)

(5.3–7.2)

(6.6–8.7)

(10.2–12.6)

(0.3–1.0)

(0.9–1.8)

(1.9–3.1)

(0.3–0.9)

(0.6–1.4)

(1.2–2.2)

Gender

Male

5.55

6.42

8.84

0.61

1.19

1.74

0.49

0.89

1.06

(95% CI)

(4.9–6.1)

(5.7–7.0)

(8.0–9.6)

(0.4–0.8)

(0.9–1.4)

(1.3–2.0)

(0.3–0.6)

(0.6–1.1)

(0.7–1.3)

Female

7.41

7.15

8.9

1.46

1.41

2.05

1.42

1.22

2.21

(95% CI)

(5.8–8.9)

(5.6–8.6)

(7.4–10.3)

(0.7–2.1)

(0.7–2.0)

(1.3–2.7)

(0.7–2.1)

(0.6–1.8)

(1.4–2.9)

Marital

Married

5.48

6.4

8.83

0.56

1.17

1.64

0.46

0.92

1.02

(95% CI)

(4.8–6.0)

(5.7–7.0)

(8.0–9.6)

(0.3–0.7)

(0.8–1.4)

(1.2–1.9)

(0.2–0.6)

(0.6–1.1)

(0.7–1.2)

Widowed

7.51

8.45

10.12

2.04

1.41

2.81

1.75

1.19

2.63

(95% CI)

(5.7–9.3)

(6.6–10.2)

(8.3–11.9)

(1.0–3.0)

(0.6–2.1)

(1.8–3.8)

(0.8–2.6)

(0.4–1.9)

(1.6–3.5)

Divorced

11.12

4.35

10.15

2.78

0.79

2.05

3.89

0.4

1.76

(95% CI)

(3.4–18.7)

(0.5–8.2)

(5.2–15.0)

(−1.2–6.7)

(− 0.8–2.4)

(− 0.2–4.3)

(−0.8–8.5)

(0.0–1.5)

(−0.3–3.9)

Separated

5.37

1.47

4.23

0.55

0.49

1.23

0.55

0.16

1.32

(95% CI)

(2.4–8.3)

(0.0–2.9)

(1.9–6.5)

(−0.4–1.5)

(− 0.0–1.3)

(0.0–2.4)

(− 0.4–1.5)

(0.0–0.6)

(0.0–2.6)

Single

8.24

8.71

7.82

0.63

2.76

2.29

0.48

1.45

1.91

(95% CI)

(4.9–11.5)

(5.5–11.8)

(4.7–10.8)

(−0.3–1.5)

(0.9–4.5)

(0.5–4.0)

(− 0.3–1.3)

(0.1–2.7)

(0.3–3.4.)

Education Level

Primary

5.4

5.34

7.23

0.85

1.05

1.22

0.81

0.77

1.26

(95% CI)

(4.6–6.1)

(4.3–6.3)

(6.2–8.1)

(0.5–1.1)

(0.5–1.4)

(0.8–1.6)

(0.5–1.1)

(0.3–1.1)

(0.8–1.6)

Secondary and above

6.01

7.35

10.05

0.53

1.42

2.15

0.36

1.02

1.0

(95% CI)

(5.1–6.8)

(6.4–8.2)

(9.0–11.0)

(0.2–0.8)

(0.9–1.8)

(1.6–2.6)

(0.1–0.5)

(0.6–1.3)

(0.6–1.3)

Occupation

Employed

4.99

5.4

7.04

0.44

0.98

1.24

0.33

0.72

0.53

(95% CI)

(4.3–5.5)

(4.7–6.0)

(6.3–7.7)

(0.2–0.6)

(0.7–1.2)

(0.9–1.5)

(0.1–0.4)

(0.4–0.9)

(0.3–0.7)

Homemaker

7.7

7.5

8.33

2.57

1.95

2.5

2.12

1.66

2.57

(95% CI)

(5.1–10.2)

(5.2–9.7)

(6.0–10.6)

(1.0–4.0)

(0.7–3.1)

(1.1–3.8)

(0.7–3.5)

(0.5–2.7)

(1.2–3.8)

Student

7.69

7.69

7.69

(95% CI)

(−22.4–37.8)

(−22.4–37.8)

(−22.4–37.8)

Retired

9.18

12.3

16.37

1.59

2.32

3.91

1.62

1.79

3.71

(95% CI)

(7.3–11.0)

(10.2–14.3)

(14.3–18.3)

(0.7–2.3)

(1.3–3.2)

(2.8–4.9)

(0.8–2.4)

(0.9–2.6)

(2.6–4.7)

Unemployed

7.51

0.82

8.92

0.63

0.82

0.63

(95% CI)

(0.0–14.9)

(−2.3–3.9)

(1.5–16.3)

(− 1.6–0.028)

(−2.3–3.9)

(− 1.6–2.8)

Other

9.4

12.01

9.99

1.63

1.69

1.5

1.63

1.88

1.83

(95% CI)

(4.7–14.0)

(7.2–16.8)

(5.6–14.3)

(− 0.3–3.6)

(−0.2–3.5)

(−0.2–3.2)

(−0.3–3.6)

(0.0–3.8)

(−0.1–3.7)

Total

 

5.78

6.52

8.85

0.72

1.22

1.79

0.61

0.93

1.25

  1. aExpenditure is considered as being catastrophic if a household’s financial contributions to the health system exceed 10% of total household consumption expenditure or income
  2. bExpenditure is considered as being catastrophic if a household’s financial contributions to the health system exceed 25% of total household consumption expenditure or income
  3. cExpenditure is considered as being catastrophic if a household’s financial contributions to the health system exceed 40% of capacity to pay (expenditure minus subsistence expenditure on food, if food expenditure is less than subsistence spending, or total expenditure minus subsistence spending, if subsistence expenditure is greater than or equal to food expenditure)