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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of native-born and foreign-born (origin from Nordic-, European- and non-European countries) in working age population (18–65 yrs.)

From: Social integration and mental health - a decomposition approach to mental health inequalities between the foreign-born and native-born in Sweden

 

Native-born (n = 65,963)

Foreign-born (n = 5680)

 

Nordic (n = 1589)

European (n = 2175)

Non-European (n = 1874)

%

(n=)

%

(n=)

p

%

(n=)

p

%

(n=)

p

%

(n=)

p

Survey (2011)

49.2

(32478)

73.4

(4167)

*

71.2

(1132)

*

73.7

(1602)

*

75.7

(1418)

*

Men

44.7

(29493)

45.4

(2581)

 

42.3

(672)

 

45.8

(996)

 

47.3

(887)

*

Married/cohabiting civil status

75.1

(49506)

81.0

(4603)

*

74.1

(1176)

 

81.8

(1780)

*

86.1

(1614)

*

Age, mean (sd)

45.3

(13.8)

44.5

(13.1)

*

52.6

(11.1)

*

43.7

(12.9)

*

39.5

(12.3)

*

Blue-collar occupational class

48.0

(31539)

61.4

(3236)

*

55.8

(880)

*

58.0

(1234)

*

70.4

(1300)

*

Compulsory education

15.9

(10424)

21.7

(1136)

*

24.8

(372)

*

14.0

(286)

*

28.4

(474)

*

 Secondary education

54.4

(35710)

44.3

(2321)

 

52.1

(780)

 

44.8

(917)

 

36.8

(615)

 

 Post-secondary education

29.8

(19550)

34.1

(1785)

 

23.1

(346)

 

41.2

(844)

 

34.9

(583)

 

Disposable income, mean (sd)b

 Q 1

48.1

(61.4)

43.6

(43.1)

*

30.6

(47.8)

*

45.0

(39.8)

*

49.0

(42.7)

*

 Q 2

142.4

(15.1)

139.9

(15.2)

 

141.7

(15.4)

 

139.9

(15.1)

 

138.6

(15.2)

 

 Q 3

197.7

(15.8)

195.7

(15.5)

 

196.0

(15.8)

 

195.3

(15.4)

 

195.6

(15.4)

 

 Q 4

253.9

(18.8)

252.6

(18.5)

 

252.9

(18.4)

 

252.8

(18.9)

 

251.8

(18.6)

 

 Q 5

422.8

(1471.0)

340.0

(256.0)

 

387.4

(180.9)

 

403.1

(238.2)

 

421.2

(314.2)

 

Employed/Self-employed

74.8

(46820)

57.6

(3024)

*

66.3

(961)

*

63.1

(1290)

*

44.1

(757)

*

 Unemployed/Labour market practice

4.2

(2648)

11.0

(576)

 

5.3

(77)

 

9.4

(193)

 

17.6

(302)

 

 Outside the labour market a

20.9

(13105)

31.4

(1651)

 

28.4

(412)

 

27.5

(561)

 

38.3

(657)

 

Low support from co-workers

6.8

(4502)

11.4

(649)

*

6.4

(102)

 

10.8

(235)

*

16.1

(301)

*

Low support from manager

8.6

(5576)

10.1

(573)

*

7.2

(114)

 

9.9

(215)

*

12.8

(239)

*

Low job satisfaction

10.1

(6676)

12.4

(702)

*

10.4

(165)

 

12.5

(272)

*

13.7

(256)

*

Difficulty making ends meet

12.7

(8325)

23.6

(1315)

*

18.8

(295)

*

20.8

(445)

*

30.8

(561)

*

Low cash margin

14.9

(9793)

35.1

(1953)

*

22.4

(352)

*

29.0

(620)

*

52.7

(961)

*

Being socially active, mean (sd)

4.0

(2.3)

2.8

(2.3)

*

3.0

(2.2)

*

3.1

(2.4)

*

2.2

(2.1)

*

Low social support

9.9

(6448)

18.5

(1025)

*

15.6

(245)

*

14.9

(316)

*

25.2

(455)

*

Low practical support

3.6

(2333)

12.2

(684)

*

8.8

(139)

*

9.7

(208)

*

18.1

(331)

*

Low trust in others

22.1

(14446)

40.0

(2212)

*

28.6

(450)

*

42.1

(892)

*

46.9

(852)

*

Experiences of discrimination

19.8

(12972)

21.7

(1212)

*

19.0

(299)

 

22.5

(480)

*

22.9

(421)

*

  1. *denotes a p-value < 0.05 between native-born and foreign-born; and separately between native-born and (1) Nordic, (2) European, and (3) non-European. Pearson’s chi-square and T-test
  2. aLeave of absence, parental leave, taking care of one’s household, studying, training, disability pension, sickness benefits and long term sick leave
  3. bDisposable income is shown in thousand (tkr) Swedish kronor (SEK) within quintile (Q) 1–5