Table 1 Statistical description of demographic characteristics
From: The effect of China’s new cooperative medical scheme on health expenditures among the rural elderly
Description | 2005 (N = 7472) | 2008 (N = 11,705) | 2011 (N = 9239) | 2014 (N = 6059) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Age (year) | 81.11 ± 10.78 | 84.14 ± 11.31 | 85.15 ± 11.17 | 84.99 ± 10.55 |
Family number | 2.90 ± 1.89 | 2.75 ± 1.87 | 2.80 ± 2.14 | 2.43 ± 1.94 |
Gender | ||||
male | 2456 (45.04) | 3930 (44.62) | 3346 (45.24) | 2369 (46.29) |
female | 2997 (54.96) | 4877 (55.38) | 4050 (54.76) | 2749 (53.71) |
Category of residence | ||||
city and town | 1065 (19.53) | 1815 (20.61) | 2698 (36.48) | 2810 (54.90) |
rural | 4388 (80.47) | 6992 (79.39) | 4698 (63.52) | 2308 (45.10) |
Main occupation before age 60 | ||||
formal occupations | 20 (0.37) | 26 (0.30) | 20 (0.27) | 12 (0.26) |
self-employment | 5092 (93.64) | 8285 (94.28) | 6990 (94.91) | 4324 (95.05) |
no work | 326 (6.00) | 477 (5.43) | 355 (4.82) | 213 (4.68) |
Current marital status | ||||
nonmarital status | 3128 (57.36) | 5398 (61.29) | 4464 (60.95) | 2933 (58.88) |
currently married | 2325 (42.64) | 3409 (38.71) | 2860 (39.05) | 2048 (41.12) |
Education | ||||
primary school | 3411 (62.74) | 5529 (62.94) | 4513 (61.20) | 2961 (57.98) |
middle school and above | 1364 (25.09) | 2067 (23.53) | 1751 (23.75) | 2146 (42.02) |
Self-rated economic status | ||||
very rich | 51 (0.94) | 69 (0.79) | 83 (1.14) | 67 (1.35) |
rich | 746 (13.74) | 979 (11.14) | 1123 (15.43) | 710 (14.26) |
fair | 3653 (67.26) | 5986 (68.12) | 4873 (66.96) | 3566 (71.61) |
poor | 835 (15.38) | 1449 (16.49) | 969 (13.31) | 521 (10.46) |
very poor | 146 (2.69) | 305 (3.47) | 230 (3.16) | 116 (2.34) |
Serious illness within the past two years | ||||
0 | 4561 (83.69) | 7465 (84.77) | 5778 (79.53) | 3650 (75.43) |
1~ | 889 (16.31) | 1341 (15.23) | 1487 (20.47) | 1189 (24.57) |
Self-reported health | ||||
very good | 591 (11.25) | 909 (11.24) | 653 (9.47) | 402 (8.51) |
good | 2205 (41.98) | 3108 (38.43) | 2422 (35.11) | 1647 (34.86) |
so-so | 1710 (32.56) | 2717 (33.60) | 2607 (37.79) | 1891 (40.02) |
bad | 690 (13.14) | 1243 (15.37) | 1119 (16.22) | 694 (14.69) |
very bad | 56 (1.07) | 110 (1.36) | 98 (1.42) | 91 (1.93) |
Get adequate medical service | ||||
yes | 4772 (87.51) | 8043 (91.33) | 6832 (93.38) | 4787 (96.01) |
no | 681 (12.49) | 764 (8.68) | 484 (6.62) | 199 (3.99) |
Retirement pension | ||||
yes | 475 (8.71) | 677 (7.69) | 629 (8.75) | 510 (11.00) |
no | 4978 (91.29) | 8130 (92.31) | 6563 (91.25) | 4126 (89.00) |
Public free medical services | ||||
yes | 172 (3.15) | 271 (3.08) | 169 (2.35) | 96 (2.08) |
no | 5281 (96.85) | 8536 (96.92) | 7038 (97.66) | 4514 (97.92) |
Private or commercial elder insurance | ||||
yes | 31 (0.57) | 17 (0.19) | 78 (1.08) | 36 (0.78) |
no | 5422 (99.43) | 8790 (99.81) | 7128 (98.92) | 4571 (99.22) |
Public elder insurance | ||||
yes | 203 (3.72) | 366 (4.16) | 1316 (18.23) | 1262 (27.11) |
no | 5250 (96.28) | 8441 (95.84) | 5904 (81.77) | 3393 (72.89) |
Other social security or private insurance | ||||
yes | 125 (82.78) | 261 (2.97) | 272 (4.15) | 159 (3.78) |
no | 26 (17.22) | 8541 (97.04) | 6279 (95.85) | 4053 (96.23) |
NCMS | ||||
yes | 634 (11.63) | 5340 (60.63) | 5767 (79.10) | 3947 (80.34) |
no | 4819 (88.37) | 3467 (39.37) | 1524 (20.90) | 966 (19.66) |
Commercial medical insurance | ||||
yes | 52 (0.95) | 29 (0.33) | 25 (0.35) | 46 (1.00) |
no | 5401 (99.05) | 8778 (99.67) | 7176 (99.65) | 4571 (99.00) |