From: Socioeconomic inequalities in low back pain among older people: the JAGES cross-sectional study
Socioeconomic status | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
Fixed parameter | ||||||||
 Education, years (ref, ≥13) | ||||||||
  10–12 | 1.05 | 1.01, 1.10 | 1.04 | 0.99, 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.99, 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 |
   < 10 | 1.12 | 1.07, 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.04, 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.02, 1.12 | 1.05 | 1.002, 1.10 |
  P for trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
 Random part | ||||||||
  Municipality level variance (standard error) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | ||||
Past occupation (ref, professionals) | ||||||||
 Fixed parameter | ||||||||
  White-collared workers | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.06 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.06 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.06 |
  Blue-collared workers | 1.08 | 1.03, 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.02, 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.01, 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.001, 1.10 |
  Never worked before | 1.11 | 1.04, 1.19 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.12 | 1.03 | 0.95, 1.12 | 1.01 | 0.93, 1.09 |
  P for trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||
 Random part | ||||||||
  Municipality level variance (standard error) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | ||||
 Income, yen (ref, ≥3 million) | ||||||||
  2 million–2.99 million | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.09 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 |
  1 million–1.99 million | 1.09 | 1.04, 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.04, 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.13 | 1.05 | 1.002, 1.11 |
  < 1 million | 1.20 | 1.14, 1.26 | 1.17 | 1.11, 1.23 | 1.16 | 1.10, 1.23 | 1.12 | 1.06, 1.19 |
  P for trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
 Random part | ||||||||
  Municipality level variance (standard error) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | ||||
Subjective economic situation (ref, very comfortable) | ||||||||
 Fixed parameter | ||||||||
  Comfortable | 1.06 | 1.00, 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.004, 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.12 | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.11 |
  Difficult | 1.19 | 1.12, 1.26 | 1.21 | 1.14, 1.29 | 1.18 | 1.10, 1.26 | 1.14 | 1.07, 1.22 |
  Very difficult | 1.34 | 1.25, 1.44 | 1.36 | 1.26, 1.47 | 1.32 | 1.22, 1.44 | 1.22 | 1.11, 1.33 |
  P for trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
 Random part | ||||||||
  Municipality level variance (standard error) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | ||||
Wealth, yen (ref, ≥50 million) | ||||||||
 Fixed parameter | ||||||||
  10 million–49.99 million | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.12 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.11 | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.10 |
  5 million–9.99 million | 1.09 | 1.03, 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.02, 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.004, 1.14 | 1.05 | 0.98, 1.12 |
  1 million–4.99 million | 1.15 | 1.09, 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.08, 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.04, 1.19 | 1.08 | 1.01, 1.16 |
  < 1 million | 1.22 | 1.15, 1.30 | 1.21 | 1.14, 1.29 | 1.18 | 1.11, 1.27 | 1.13 | 1.06, 1.21 |
  P for trend | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
 Random part | ||||||||
  Municipality level variance (standard error) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) |