From: Sociodemographic patterns of health insurance coverage in Namibia
Sociodemographic characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95% CI) | p | RR (95% CI) | p | RR (95% CI) | p | |
Sex | ||||||
 Men | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 Women | 0.80 (0.74–0.87) | < 0.001 | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) | < 0.001 | 0.83 (0.74–0.94) | 0.003 |
Age group | ||||||
 15–19 | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 20–24 | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 0.421 | 0.99 (0.80–1.23) | 0.951 | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | < 0.001 |
 25–29 | 1.39 (1.18–1.64) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (1.00–1.68) | 0.049 | 0.70 (0.60–0.82) | < 0.001 |
 30–34 | 1.98 (1.69–2.32) | < 0.001 | 1.80 (1.40–2.32) | < 0.001 | 0.83 (0.73–0.96) | 0.010 |
 35–39 | 2.12 (1.81–2.49) | < 0.001 | 1.97 (1.45–2.68) | < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.200 |
 40–44 | 2.65 (2.26–3.10) | < 0.001 | 2.28 (1.67–3.10) | < 0.001 | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 0.784 |
 45–49 | 3.09 (2.63–3.63) | < 0.001 | 2.66 (1.98–3.57) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | 0.233 |
 50–64 | 2.45 (2.09–2.88) | < 0.001 | 2.35 (1.80–3.07) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.503 |
Education level | ||||||
 No education | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 Primary | 1.55 (1.13–2.12) | 0.006 | 1.53 (1.13–2.07) | 0.006 | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 0.060 |
 Secondary | 4.50 (3.38–6.00) | < 0.001 | 3.44 (2.73–4.34) | < 0.001 | 2.35 (1.92–2.88) | < 0.001 |
 Higher | 16.81 (12.55–22.51) | < 0.001 | 9.42 (6.14–14.47) | < 0.001 | 3.98 (3.11–5.10) | < 0.001 |
Wealth quintile | ||||||
 Lowest | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 Second | 2.84 (1.96–4.12) | < 0.001 | 2.89 (1.76–4.75) | < 0.001 | 2.52 (1.54–4.13) | < 0.001 |
 Middle | 5.89 (4.17–8.34) | < 0.001 | 6.03 (4.07–8.95) | < 0.001 | 4.44 (2.90–6.82) | < 0.001 |
 Fourth | 11.95 (8.54–16.72) | < 0.001 | 12.86 (8.97–18.43) | < 0.001 | 7.58 (5.05–11.39) | < 0.001 |
 Highest | 30.62 (22.00–42.62) | < 0.001 | 30.86 (21.84–43.60) | < 0.001 | 13.47 (9.06–20.04) | < 0.001 |
Residence type | ||||||
 Urban | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 Rural | 0.35 (0.32–0.38) | < 0.001 | 0.42 (0.35–0.50) | < 0.001 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.676 |
Marital status | ||||||
 Never married | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 Currently married | 3.05 (2.80–3.32) | < 0.001 | 2.67 (2.20–3.24) | < 0.001 | 1.68 (1.46–1.93) | < 0.001 |
 Living with partner | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.287 | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) | 0.522 | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 0.354 |
 Formerly/ever married | 1.28 (1.08–1.51) | 0.004 | 1.40 (1.24–1.58) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (1.04–1.24) | 0.005 |
Occupation | ||||||
 Professional | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  | 1.00 (reference) |  |
 Agricultural | 0.54 (0.44–0.66) | < 0.001 | 0.79 (0.69–0.91) | 0.001 | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 0.168 |
 Manual | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) | < 0.001 | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.003 |
 Unemployed | 0.24 (0.22–0.26) | < 0.001 | 0.32 (0.23–0.44) | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.35–0.55) | < 0.001 |