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Table 1 Descriptive statistics by mutually exclusive household groups and income quintile

From: Assessing the relationship between out-of-pocket spending on blood pressure and diabetes medication and household catastrophic health expenditure: evidence from Pakistan

 

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Distribution of Households (%)

 HHs that doesn’t spend on BP or Diabetes medication

83.99 (82.03, 85.95)

78.57 (76.83, 80.30)

74.47 (72.33, 76.60)

71.57 (69.72, 73.41)

64.29 (62.30, 66.29)

 HHs that spend on BP medication only

11.22 (9.63, 12.81)

13.62 (12.13, 15.12)

14.18 (12.62, 15.74)

16.65 (15.10, 18.19)

19.05 (17.49, 20.61)

 HHs that spend on Diabetes medication only

2.66 (1.88, 3.44)

4.79 (3.85, 5.74)

6.17 (5.12, 7.23)

6.22 (5.30, 7.15)

7.73 (6.66, 8.80)

 HHs that spend on BP & Diabetes medication

2.13 (1.38, 2.87)

3.02 (2.35, 3.69)

5.18 (4.31, 6.05)

5.56 (4.63, 6.49)

8.93 (7.90, 9.96)

Avg. OOP Medical Expenditure (Rs.)

 HHs that doesn’t spend on BP or Diabetes medication

479.2 (447.3, 511.2)

590.2 (549.5, 630.8)

634.9 (567.7, 702.2)

923.0 (755.6, 1090.4)

995.9 (872.6, 1119.2)

 HHs that spend on BP medication only

841.3 (745.7, 936.9)

997.0 (902.4, 1091.6)

1104.2 (969.5, 1238.8)

1314.4 (1190.4, 1438.4)

1885.4 (1615.7, 2155.2)

 HHs that spend on Diabetes medication only

854.1 (684.4, 1023.9)

1045.2 (799.7, 1290.7)

1265.4 (1019.4, 1511.3)

1454.2 (1247.5, 1660.9)

2230.0 (1678.8, 2781.2)

 HHs that spend on BP & Diabetes medication

1183.8 (818.1, 1549.4)

1469.4 (1242.4, 1696.4)

2081.7 (1724.8, 2438.5)

2090.1 (1841.4, 2338.8)

3493.0 (2392.7, 4593.2)

Avg. OOP BPD Medicine Expenditure (Rs.)

 HHs that doesn’t spend on BP or Diabetes medication

 HHs that spend on BP medication only

181.6 (139.7, 223.5)

206.2 (177.4, 235.0)

239.4 (184.8, 294.0)

302.8 (252.8, 352.8)

354.3 (284.2, 424.4)

 HHs that spend on Diabetes medication only

328.6 (222.1, 435.1)

328.0 (258.1, 397.9)

456.3 (335.0, 577.5)

543.5 (410.8, 676.3)

715.0 (533.9, 896.1)

 HHs that spend on BP & Diabetes medication

418.3 (174.3, 662.3)

482.2 (351.4, 612.9)

756.5 (561.1, 951.8)

900.3 (749.8, 1050.8)

1153.0 (998.6, 1307.4)

Avg. Medical Exp. Share (%)

 HHs that doesn’t spend on BP or Diabetes medication

3.72 (3.47, 3.98)

3.51 (3.26, 3.75)

3.23 (2.92, 3.54)

3.54 (3.13, 3.96)

2.68 (2.40, 2.96)

 HHs that spend on BP medication only

5.61 (4.94, 6.29)

5.08 (4.62, 5.55)

4.67 (4.12, 5.22)

4.61 (4.21, 5.00)

4.37 (3.88, 4.86)

 HHs that spend on Diabetes medication only

5.74 (4.31, 7.16)

4.72 (3.91, 5.54)

5.71 (4.50, 6.92)

5.58 (4.68, 6.48)

5.52 (4.05, 6.98)

 HHs that spend on BP & Diabetes medication

7.11 (4.88, 9.35)

6.75 (5.62, 7.88)

7.81 (6.48, 9.15)

6.58 (5.80, 7.37)

6.50 (5.24, 7.76)

Avg. CHE Incidence (%)

 HHs that doesn’t spend on BP or Diabetes medication

5.68 (4.38, 6.98)

5.91 (4.63, 7.18)

5.02 (3.68, 6.37)

7.27 (5.81, 8.74)

5.32 (3.93, 6.72)

 HHs that spend on BP medication only

10.44 (6.58, 14.30)

9.47 (6.37, 12.57)

10.14 (6.50, 13.78)

11.68 (8.77, 14.60)

9.65 (7.04, 12.27)

 HHs that spend on Diabetes medication only

13.81 (5.07, 22.56)

13.71 (5.39, 22.03)

17.38 (10.56, 24.19)

14.38 (9.39, 19.38)

12.80 (8.10, 17.51)

 HHs that spend on BP & Diabetes medication

15.36 (6.21, 24.51)

19.24 (10.34, 28.13)

27.67 (19.56, 35.78)

18.73 (12.68, 24.79)

15.83 (10.52, 21.15)

  1. Note: Average refers to arithmetic mean. Survey weights are used to obtain nationally representative average measures. 95% confidence interval in parentheses. Rs. 1 ≈ USD 0.01