Table 3 Results from instrumental variable regression analysis examining the influence of improved access to health insurance stemming from ACA Medicaid expansion on stress or worry to pay rent or mortgage
138% of FPL or less | More than 138% of FPL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
[N = 7013] | [N = 30,438] | |||
Coef. (95% CI) | p-value | Coef. (95% CI) | p-value | |
2nd-stage regression | ||||
Insurance (ref. uninsured) | −0.86 (−1.47, − 0.25) | 0.006 | −3.94 (−11.04, 3.15) | 0.276 |
Age | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.043 | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.484 |
Sex (ref. male) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.13) | < 0.001 | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.23) | 0.139 |
Marital status (ref. single) | ||||
Married | −0.03 (− 0.06, 0.01) | 0.200 | 0.02 (− 0.06, 0.10) | 0.569 |
Race (ref. White - non-Hispanic) | ||||
Black | −0.02 (− 0.05, 0.02) | 0.364 | 0.04 (− 0.03, 0.10) | 0.294 |
Hispanic | −0.27 (− 0.43, − 0.11) | 0.001 | − 0.24 (− 0.65, 0.17) | 0.250 |
Multiracial | −0.01 (− 0.08, 0.06) | 0.791 | − 0.02 (− 0.12, 0.09) | 0.765 |
Other | 0.01 (− 0.10, 0.11) | 0.957 | 0.04 (− 0.07, 0.16) | 0.480 |
Income | ||||
Less than $10,000 | (ref) | |||
$10,000 to less than $15,000 | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.501 | ||
$15,000 to less than $20,000 | −0.01 (− 0.05, 0.04) | 0.912 | − 0.02 (− 0.85, 0.81) | 0.966 |
$20,000 to less than $25,000 | − 0.02 (− 0.09, 0.05) | 0.549 | − 0.05 (− 0.87, 0.77) | 0.902 |
$25,000 to less than $35,000 | − 0.04 (− 0.16, 0.08) | 0.500 | 0.01 (− 0.56, 0.56) | 0.992 |
$35,000 to less than $50,000 | −0.01 (− 0.19, 0.17) | 0.877 | 0.01 (− 0.40, 0.41) | 0.987 |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 | 0.06 (− 0.06, 0.18) | 0.304 | ||
$75,000 or more | (ref) | |||
Education (ref. Did not graduate High School) | ||||
Graduated High School | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.364 | 0.38 (−0.36, 1.12) | 0.314 |
Attend College/Technical School | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.10) | 0.219 | 0.48 (−0.44, 1.41) | 0.306 |
Graduated from College/Technical School | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) | 0.825 | 0.47 (−0.53, 1.47) | 0.356 |
Self-rated general health | −0.15 (− 0.19, − 0.12) | < 0.001 | − 0.24 (− 0.37, − 0.10) | < 0.001 |
Employment status | − 0.05 (− 0.11, 0.01) | 0.093 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.015 |
Having children | 0.08 (0.05, 0.12) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (− 0.02, 0.19) | 0.106 |
Household size | −0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.828 | 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.04) | 0.564 |
State-level uninsured-rate | −0.03 (− 0.04, − 0.01) | < 0.001 | −0.02 (− 0.04, − 0.01) | 0.042 |
State-level unemployment-rate | −0.04 (− 0.08, 0.01) | 0.153 | 0.03 (− 0.02, 0.08) | 0.205 |
State-level poverty-rate | 0.02 (− 0.01, 0.05) | 0.211 | −0.01 (− 0.03, 0.01) | 0.392 |
State-level white people-rate | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.588 | − 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.946 |
State-level education-rate | −0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02) | 0.498 | − 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.03) | 0.763 |
State-level foreign born-rate | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.03) | 0.157 | − 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.640 |
State-level rate of people aged 65+ | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.02) | 0.300 | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.02) | 0.615 |
1st-stage regression | ||||
ACA | 0.14 (0.08, 0.20) | <0.001 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.240 |
F-statistic | 21.28 | 1.61 | ||