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Table 1 General description of the study sample (in percentages, means, 95% CI and SD), men and women

From: Time spent on work-related activities, social activities and time pressure as intermediary determinants of health disparities among elderly women and men in 5 European countries: a structural equation model

 

Men

(n = 11,168)

Women

(n = 14,295)

Mean/ %

SD

(95% CI)

Mean/ %

SD

(95% CI)

Self-reported health

 Poor

15.1

 

(14.4–15.8)

20.5

 

(19.9–21.1)

 Fair

44.5

 

(43.6–45.4)

47.0

 

(46.1–47.8)

 Good

32.5

 

(31.7–33.4)

26.1

 

(25.4–26.9)

 Very good

7.9

 

(7.4–8.4)

6.4

 

(5.9–6.8)

Stress

 Almost never

70.7

 

(69.8–71.5)

58.3

 

(57.5–59.1)

 Sometimes

23.3

 

(22.5–24.1)

31.7

 

(30.9–32.4)

 Often

6.0

 

(5.5–6.4)

10.0

 

(9.4–10.4)

Sociodemographic & economic factors

 Age

72.40

5.01

 

73.06

5.13

 

  65–69

35.3

 

(34.3–36.1)

31.0

 

(30.2–31.7)

  70–74

29.0

 

(28.1–29.7)

27.7

 

(26.9–28.4)

  75–79

20.2

 

(19.4–20.9)

20.8

 

(20.1–21.5)

  80+

15.6

 

(14.9–16.3)

20.5

 

(19.8–21.1)

 Marital Status

  Single/widowed

20.2

 

(19.4–20.9)

52.9

 

(52.1–53.7)

  Married/Cohabiting

79.9

 

(79.0–80.5)

47.1

 

(46.2–47.8)

 Education

  Incomplete Sec. or less

60.9

 

(60.0–61.8)

73.3

 

(72.6–74.0)

  Secondary completed

28.0

 

(27.1–28.8)

21.4

 

(20.7–22.1)

  Tertiary Completed or above

11.1

 

(10.4–11.6)

5.2

 

(4.8–5.6)

 Wealth

  Car ownership

2.46

1.45

 

1.84

1.61

 

  No car

24.1

 

(23.3–24.9)

41.6

 

(40.7–42.4)

  1 car

52.5

 

(51.5–53.4)

39.4

 

(38.6–40.2)

  2+ cars

23.4

 

(22.5–24.1)

19.0

 

(18.3–19.6)

 Employment Status

  Not working for pay

94.9

 

(94.4–95.2)

98.1

 

(97.8–98.2)

  Currently in paid employment

5.1

 

(4.7–5.5)

1.9

 

(1.7–2.1)

Time use Activities

 Paid work hours/day

0.26

1.36

 

0.08

0.71

 

  0 h

94.9

 

(94.5–95.3)

98.1

 

(97.8–98.3)

  > 0 h

5.1

 

(4.6–5.4)

1.9

 

(1.6–2.1)

 House work hours/day

2.82

2.51

 

4.85

2.63

 

  Less than 1 h

29.2

 

(28.3–30.0)

9.0

 

(8.5–9.4)

  1 to 3 h

27.9

 

(27.0–28.7)

14.4

 

(13.8–14.9)

  3 to 6 h

31.4

 

(30.4–32.2)

44.5

 

43.7–45.3)

  > 6 h

11.6

 

(10.9–12.1)

32.1

 

(31.2–32.8)

 Social activities hours/day

1.21

1.83

 

1.10

1.68

 

  Less than 2 h

76.2

 

(75.4–77.0)

79.0

 

(78.2–79.6)

  2 to 4 h

16.6

 

(15.9–17.2)

15.2

 

(14.6–15.8)

  > 4 h

7.2

 

(6.7–7.6)

5.8

 

(5.4–6.2)