Inter-provincial inequality of public health services in China: the perspective of local officials’ behavior

Table 2 Panel unit root tests

		Levin-Lin-Chu test	Im, Pesaran and Shin test	ADF-Fisher test	Pesaran’s simple test
Levels	equalization1	1.668	4.625	40.423	0.872
	equalization2	3.438	5.394	23.514	2.475
	self	−5.815^**	−3.216^**	176.639^**	1.238
	transfer	10.398	13.971	0.976	−0.946
	gdpg	−1.498	−1.197	54.575	−1.602
	education	−4.436^**	−2.585^**	4.094	−6.582^**
	dependency	−2.617^**	−1.444	78.900	−2.087^*
	urbanization	−0.949	3.306	79.842	−1.582
	population	−4.032^**	−0.756	167.540^**	−0.905
Difference	d_equalization1	−6.984^**	−6.54^**	192.482^**	−2.908^**
	d_equalization2	−5.027^**	−6.804^**	249.782^**	−6.042^**
	d_self	−7.563^**	−7.729^**	169.105^**	−3.514^**
	d_transfer	−4.195^**	− 3.157^**	60.952^**	− 3.805^**
	d_gdpg	−9.191^**	−10.531^**	238.575^**	−4.769^**
	d_education	−12.749^**	−14.756^**	354.954^**	−10.993^**
	d_dependency	−11.878^**	−12.309^**	190.559^**	−7.640^**
	d_urbanization	−5.895^**	−5.769^**	166.369^**	−4.812^**
	d_population	−6.956^**	−8.986^**	170.687^**	−7.907^**

ISSN: 1475-9276