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Table 2 Summary of decomposition analysis of income-related inequalities in fear of crime in the total sample, men and women in 2014, northern Sweden

From: Unsafe and unequal: a decomposition analysis of income inequalities in fear of crime in northern Sweden

N = 22,140

Total

Men

Women

Coeff

Elast

CI

Cont to C

Coeff

Elast

CI

Cont to C

Coeff

Elast

CI

Cont to C

Abs

Rel

Abs

Rel

Abs

Rel

Sociodemographic characteristics

Gender (REF: Men)

0.161***

0.675

−0.118

−0.079

36.2

          

Age (REF:45-64 yrs)

 16–29 yrs

0.024**

0.028

−0.504

−0.014

6.5

−0.013**

−0.051

−0.504

0.026

−13.8

0.076***

0.061

−0.498

−0.030

23.1

 30–44 yrs

0.011

0.018

0.192

0.003

−1.6

−0.006

−0.037

0.209

−0.008

4.1

0.032**

0.035

0.200

0.007

−5.3

 65–84 yrs

0.023**

0.058

−0.141

− 0.008

3.7

0.009

0.091

−0.135

−0.012

6.6

0.040*

0.059

−0.183

−0.011

8.1

Country of birth (REF: Sweden)

0.011

0.005

−0.171

− 0.001

0.4

0.015*

0.021

−0.208

−0.004

2.3

0.003

0.001

−0.121

0.000

0.1

Civil status (REF: Married/cohab)

 Unmarried/not cohab

0.004

0.005

−0.311

−0.002

0.7

0.013**

0.084

−0.359

−0.029

15.4

−0.013

−0.010

−0.295

0.003

−2.2

 Divorced

0.023**

0.010

−0.002

0.000

0.0

0.009

0.015

−0.073

−0.001

0.6

0.040*

0.011

0.070

0.001

−0.6

 Widower

0.007

0.003

−0.174

0.000

0.2

0.001

0.001

−0.198

0.000

0.1

0.018

0.006

−0.093

−0.001

0.4

Sexual orientation (REF: Heterosexual)

0.008

0.002

−0.328

−0.001

0.3

0.009

0.007

−0.346

−0.002

1.3

0.004

0.001

−0.311

0.000

0.2

Subtotal

   

−0.102

46.5

   

−0.031

16.5

   

−0.031

23.9

Residential context

Municipality size (REF: <  10,000)

 10,000–50,000

0.063***

0.179

0.026

0.005

−2.1

0.018***

0.193

0.028

0.005

−2.9

0.112***

0.194

0.022

0.004

−3.3

 >  50,000

0.108***

0.208

0.046

0.010

−4.4

0.031***

0.216

0.056

0.012

−6.5

0.184***

0.221

0.046

0.010

−7.7

Residential ownership (REF: Resident-owned)

 Rental

0.024**

0.034

−0.195

−0.007

3.0

0.016***

0.073

−0.216

−0.016

8.5

0.034**

0.031

−0.168

−0.005

4.0

 Other arrangements

0.019*

0.009

−0.525

−0.005

2.2

0.007

0.012

−0.549

−0.007

3.6

0.036*

0.011

−0.514

−0.006

4.2

Subtotal

   

0.003

−1.2

   

−0.005

2.6

   

0.004

−2.7

Socioeconomic and material conditions

Income quintiles (REF: Highest)

 4

−0.006

−0.009

0.400

−0.004

1.6

0.000

0.003

0.195

0.000

−0.3

−0.019

−0.018

0.576

−0.010

7.7

 3

−0.006

−0.008

0.000

0.000

0.0

0.002

0.009

−0.183

−0.002

0.9

−0.022

−0.023

0.157

−0.004

2.8

 2

0.008

0.012

−0.400

−0.005

2.1

0.000

−0.002

−0.526

0.001

−0.6

0.005

0.005

−0.292

−0.001

1.1

 1

0.007

0.011

−0.800

−0.009

4.2

0.000

0.001

−0.848

0.000

0.2

0.004

0.004

−0.759

−0.003

2.5

Education (REF: High)

 Medium

0.009

0.026

0.062

0.002

−0.7

0.015*

0.152

0.070

0.011

−5.7

0.011

0.018

0.047

0.001

−0.7

 Low

0.017**

0.061

−0.148

− 0.009

4.1

0.017**

0.250

−0.126

−0.031

16.8

0.022*

0.047

−0.197

−0.009

7.1

Labour market position (REF: Working)

 Studying

0.030**

0.015

−0.671

− 0.009

4.5

0.007

0.010

−0.755

−0.007

4.0

0.058***

0.021

−0.597

−0.013

9.6

 Retired

0.012

0.025

−0.156

−0.004

1.8

0.003

0.028

−0.163

−0.005

2.5

0.022

0.026

−0.195

−0.005

3.8

 Unemployed

0.008

0.011

−0.276

−0.003

1.4

0.004

0.016

−0.297

−0.005

2.6

0.011

0.011

−0.243

−0.003

2.0

Low cash margin (REF: No, able to get 15K1)

0.006

0.007

−0.339

−0.003

1.1

0.016**

0.054

−0.411

−0.022

11.8

−0.003

−0.003

−0.265

0.001

−0.5

Difficulties to make ends meet (REF: No)

0.016*

0.014

−0.240

−0.003

1.5

0.004

0.012

−0.309

−0.004

2.0

0.027*

0.016

−0.169

−0.003

2.0

Subtotal

   

−0.047

21.8

   

−0.064

34.1

   

−0.049

37.4

Psychosocial conditions

Social participation (REF: Yes)

0.013

0.011

−0.225

− 0.002

1.1

0.003

0.012

−0.254

−0.003

1.7

0.018

0.008

−0.255

−0.002

1.5

Social trust (REF: Yes)

0.063***

0.098

−0.169

−0.017

7.6

0.020***

0.116

−0.160

−0.019

9.9

0.110***

0.105

−0.187

−0.020

14.9

Subjected to threat or violence (REF: No)

0.050***

0.015

−0.081

−0.001

0.6

0.052***

0.053

−0.168

−0.009

4.7

0.042*

0.009

0.011

0.000

−0.1

Degrading treatment (REF: No)

0.050***

0.060

−0.083

−0.005

2.3

0.043***

0.136

−0.100

−0.014

7.2

0.062***

0.057

−0.023

−0.001

1.0

Subtotal

   

−0.025

11.5

   

−0.044

23.6

   

−0.023

17.4

Inequality (total)

   

−0.219

100

   

−0.187

100

   

−0.132

100

Standard error

   

0.011

5.0

   

0.030

16.2

   

0.013

10.0

Residual

   

−0.047

21.6

   

−0.043

23.1

   

−0.032

24.0

Inequality (explained)

   

−0.172

78.4

   

−0.144

76.9

   

−0.100

76.0

  1. Coeff Marginal effects from the probit model, Elast elasticity, CI Concentration index of the determinants, Cont to C Contribution to the total inequality, Abs Absolute contribution, Rel Relative contribution calculated on the overall explained proportion of total inequality
  2. 115,000 Swedish Krona (SEK) equals to ≈2172 US$, based on exchange rate from January 1, 2012
  3. * indicates <p 0.05; ** indicates p < 0.01; *** indicates p < 0.001