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Table 4 Adjusted logistic regression of household wealth and self-reported unmet need for oral health services, adults aged 50 years and over in China, Ghana, and India, 2007-2010a

From: Socioeconomic inequality in self-reported unmet need for oral health services in adults aged 50 years and over in China, Ghana, and India

 

China (N = 1591)

Adjusted Model

Ghana (N = 425)

Adjusted Model

India (N = 1307)

Adjusted Model

OR (CI)

p-value

OR (CI)

p-value

OR (CI)

p-value

Household wealth (quintiles)

1 (Highest)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

2

0.82 (0.56–1.18)

0.275

2.05 (0.98–4.27)

0.055

1.23 (0.79–1.92)

0.357

3

1.01 (0.59–1.72)

0.978

2.70 (1.10–6.65)

0.030

1.30 (0.76–2.23)

0.335

4

0.79 (0.46–1.36)

0.338

2.90 (1.32–6.37)

0.008

1.40 (0.84–2.34)

0.202

5 (Lowest)

1.23 (0.80–1.90)

0.340

2.84 (1.14–7.11)

0.026

1.65 (0.91–3.00)

0.098

Sex

Female

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Male

1.04 (0.81–1.34)

0.762

1.39 (0.67–2.87)

0.369

1.61 (1.02–2.54)

0.042

Age (years)

50–59

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

60–69

1.24 (0.97–1.58)

0.082

1.75 (0.86–3.60)

0.124

1.48 (1.02–2.14)

0.038

70–79

1.77 (1.29–2.44)

0.001

0.97 (0.48–1.97)

0.937

2.52 (1.61–3.95)

p < 0.001

80+

3.41 (1.83–6.35)

p < 0.001

1.86 (0.62–5.65)

0.268

2.89 (1.39–5.98)

0.004

Residence

Urban

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Rural

2.99 (2.03–4.42)

p < 0.001

1.38 (0.74–2.56)

0.310

1.02 (0.58–1.79)

0.955

Marital status

Married

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Divorce

0.97 (0.74–1.26)

0.790

1.10 (0.54–2.26)

0.791

1.02 (0.69–1.50)

0.920

Never married

1.25 (0.26–5.96)

0.777

0.08 (0.01–1.19)

0.067

5.17 (0.86–31.07)

0.073

Work status

Current worker

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Non-current

1.33 (0.89–1.99)

0.162

1.19 (0.58–2.43)

0.628

1.51 (1.01–2.25)

0.042

Never worked

1.75 (0.99–3.08)

0.052

n/a

n/a

1.75 (1.01–3.05)

0.049

Self-rated health

Good

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Moderate

0.97 (0.73–1.29)

0.850

1.41 (0.71–2.79)

0.321

1.19 (0.69–2.03)

0.529

Bad

1.23 (0.93–1.63)

0.143

1.02 (0.45–2.28)

0.965

0.89 (0.49–1.60)

0.689

  1. aData source – WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), 2007–2010
  2. [OR (CI)] Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals
  3. Statistical significance set at p < 0.05 (logistic regression)
  4. [n/a] No result due to no observation in the “never worked” group
  5. All significant estimates are bolded