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Table 3 Results of a binary logistic analysis predicting the likelihood of coverage under NHIS

From: Examining equity in health insurance coverage: an analysis of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme

 

Odd ratios

Women

Men

Demographic characteristics

Age [women-45-49,men-55-59]

1.000

1.000

 15–19

1.030

0.746

 20–24

0.727+

0.339***

 25–29

0.937

0.357***

 30–34

1.070

0.703+

 35–39

1.210

0.687*

 40–44

1.296+

0.714+

 45–49

na

0.659*

 50–54

na

0.902

Parity

0.978

na

Household size

1.025+

1.048**

Marital status [Formerly married]

1.000

1.000

 Never married

0.874

1.438

 Married/In union

1.502**

1.778**

Socio-economic characteristics

Highest level of education attained [Tertiary]

1.000

1.000

 No formal education

0.507**

0.251***

 Primary

0.494**

0.310***

 Middle

0.827

0.391***

 Secondary

1.119

0.617**

Type of occupation [Manual worker]

1.000

1.000

 Not working

0.787+

1.579***

 Professional/Technical/Managerial

1.023

1.802***

 Sales/Services

0.623***

0.910

 Agricultural

0.556***

1.167

Wealth status [Richest]

1.000

1.000

 Poorest

0.166***

0.136***

 Poorer

0.299***

0.252***

 Middle

0.416***

0.358***

 Richer

0.627***

0.647***

Geographic factors

Place of residence [Rural]

1.000

1.000

 Urban

0.799*

0.855

Region of residence [Greater Accra]

1.000

1.000

 Western

4.327***

2.655***

 Central

1.746***

2.126***

 Volta

3.094***

2.783***

 Eastern

6.789***

4.908***

 Ashanti

3.808***

2.606***

 Brong Ahafo

13.187***

9.472***

 Northern

7.900**

7.271***

 Upper East

18.069***

7.854***

 Upper West

10.800***

12.473***

Lifestyle risk factors

Physical activity

1.008

1.006

Body mass index

1.025**

na

Alcohol consumption [Yes]

 No

1.072

1.251**

  1. +P < 0.10 *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001
  2. na not applicable