Table 3 Coefficients of multiple linear regression and global concentration index (CI), according to period of the survey. ISA 2003, 2008, 2015 (SP), Brazil, 2003–2015
Individual characteristics and external factors* | 2003 | 2008 | 2015 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p** | β | p** | β | p** | |
Age (Ref. 12–19 years) | ||||||
20–59 | 3.311 | < 0.001 | 6.315 | < 0.001 | 2.379 | 0.012 |
≥ 60 | 7.370 | < 0.001 | 9.522 | < 0.001 | 6.316 | < 0.001 |
Sex (Ref. Male) | 0.272 | 0.700 | ||||
Chronic disease (Ref. Absence) | −2.797 | 0.003 | ||||
Physical activity (min/day) | −0.004 | 0.026 | −0.004 | 0.045 | ||
Smoking habit (Ref. Non-smoker) | ||||||
Current smoker | −2.285 | 0.015 | −3.261 | < 0.001 | − 2.335 | 0.031 |
Alcohol consumption (Ref. No) | −2.820 | 0.001 | ||||
BHEI-R Component - Whole grains | 2.078 | 0.001 | 2.330 | < 0.001 | 2.413 | < 0.001 |
BHEI-R Component - Sodium | −0.942 | < 0.001 | −1.000 | < 0.001 | ||
Health insurance (Ref. Yes) | −1.600 | 0.048 | ||||
Education (years) | −0.254 | 0.016 | ||||
Ethnic group (Ref. Yellow) | ||||||
White | −4.772 | 0.002 | ||||
Black | −7.026 | < 0.001 | ||||
Grayish-brown | −5.196 | 0.002 | ||||
Indigenous | −5.016 | 0.021 | ||||
Household income per capita (in MW) (Ref. < 1 MW) | 1.810 | 0.019 | 2.039 | 0.004 | ||
Type of residence (Ref. Not living at home) | −2.672 | 0.012 | ||||
Occupation (Ref. Unemployed) | −1.914 | 0.034 | ||||
Marital status (Ref. With partner) | −2.617 | 0.006 | ||||
R 2 | 0.099 | < 0.001 | 0.211 | < 0.001 | 0.200 | < 0.001 |
CI | −0.009 | 0.001 | 0.005 | |||