Table 2 BHEI-R and its components, according age groups. ISA 2003, 2008, 2015 (SP), Brazil, 2003–2015
BHEI-R Components* (maximum score) | Total | Adolescents | Adults | Older Adults | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 (n = 2398) | 2008 (n = 1662) | 2015 (n = 1742) | p** | 2003 (n = 811) | 2008 (n = 560) | 2015 (n = 554) | p** | 2003 (n = 756) | 2008 (n = 585) | 2015 (n = 643) | p** | 2003 (n = 831) | 2008 (n = 517) | 2015 (n = 545) | p** | |
Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |||||
Total fruit (5) | 1.83 (0.07) | 1.94 (0.08) | 2.46 (0.07) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 1.64 (0.10) | 1.36 (0.08) | 1.85 (0.12) | 0.059 0.038 | 1.72 (0.09) | 1.88 (0.11) | 2.39 (0.10) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 2.71 (0.10) | 2.88 (0.14) | 3.23 (0.11) | 0.001 < 0.001 |
Whole fruit (5) | 1.54 (0.08) | 1.92 (0.09) | 2.32 (0.08) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 1.24 (0.09) | 1.22 (0.08) | 1.54 (0.11) | 0.010 0.005 | 1.41 (0.09) | 1.86 (0.12) | 2.21 (0.10) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 2.67 (0.11) | 3.01 (0.14) | 3.38 (0.12) | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Total vegetable (5) | 4.12 (0.05) | 4.17 (0.06) | 4.05 (0.05) | 0.132 0.157 | 3.72 (0.08) | 3.59 (0.12) | 3.74 (0.10) | 0.801 0.526 | 4.20 (0.07) | 4.25 (0.07) | 4.09 (0.06) | 0.117 0.058 | 4.32 (0.05) | 4.34 (0.07) | 4.27 (0.09) | 0.460 0.801 |
DGOV&L (5)a | 3.46 (0.08) | 3.61 (0.09) | 3.30 (0.07) | 0.047 0.081 | 2.95 (0.09) | 2.86 (0.11) | 3.05 (0.13) | 0.401 0.918 | 3.57 (0.11) | 3.73 (0.11) | 3.32 (0.11) | 0.036 0.010 | 3.64 (0.07) | 3.79 (0.11) | 3.51 (0.11) | 0.239 0.321 |
Total grains (5) | 4.59 (0.03) | 4.52 (0.04) | 4.54 (0.03) | 0.013 < 0.001 | 4.69 (0.04) | 4.55 (0.04) | 4.62 (0.04) | 0.025 0.015 | 4.56 (0.04) | 4.50 (0.05) | 4.52 (0.05) | 0.166 0.178 | 4.55 (0.05) | 4.59 (0.04) | 4.50 (0.04) | 0.056 < 0.001 |
Whole grains (5) | 0.23 (0.03) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.44 (0.04) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.29 (0.04) | 0.29 (0.06) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.41 (0.05) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 0.35 (0.05) | 0.62 (0.07) | 0.68 (0.08) | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Milk and dairy (10) | 4.67 (0.15) | 4.35 (0.14) | 4.60 (0.13) | 0.901 0.980 | 4.40 (0.20) | 4.43 (0.18) | 4.23 (0.18) | 0.444 0.405 | 4.59 (0.18) | 4.21 (0.18) | 4.43 (0.17) | 0.631 0.862 | 5.48 (0.17) | 4.99 (0.18) | 5.40 (0.18) | 0.745 0.222 |
Meats, eggs and legumes (10) | 8.26 (0.11) | 8.54 (0.09) | 8.28 (0.09) | 0.525 0.903 | 7.89 (0.15) | 8.08 (0.12) | 8.29 (0.16) | 0.035 0.104 | 8.43 (0.15) | 8.69 (0.11) | 8.31 (0.13) | 0.194 0.046 | 7.93 (0.12) | 8.24 (0.15) | 8.20 (0.14) | 0.495 0.819 |
Oils (10)b | 7.15 (0.09) | 9.14 (0.08) | 9.18 (0.06) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 6.75 (0.15) | 8.80 (0.13) | 9.24 (0.09) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 7.27 (0.11) | 9.20 (0.11) | 9.21 (0.10) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 7.14 (0.15) | 9.21 (0.11) | 9.04 (0.14) | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Saturated fat (10) | 6.57 (0.13) | 6.62 (0.14) | 6.59 (0.12) | 0.957 0.510 | 6.60 (0.17) | 6.34 (0.15) | 6.50 (0.17) | 0.577 0.781 | 6.47 (0.17) | 6.63 (0.19) | 6.57 (0.17) | 0.552 0.172 | 7.08 (0.15) | 6.88 (0.17) | 6.74 (0.17) | 0.044 0.034 |
Sodium (10) | 2.39 (0.09) | 2.60 (0.10) | 3.14 (0.10) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 2.88 (0.12) | 3.38 (0.16) | 3.43 (0.15) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 2.32 (0.11) | 2.49 (0.14) | 3.24 (0.15) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 2.05 (0.11) | 2.30 (0.13) | 2.62 (0.15) | 0.001 < 0.001 |
SoFAAS (20)c | 9.86 (0.31) | 8.61 (0.26) | 9.48 (0.20) | 0.105 < 0.001 | 7.92 (0.39) | 5.44 (0.26) | 7.62 (0.29) | 0.638 0.243 | 9.84 (0.35) | 8.64 (0.36) | 9.33 (0.29) | 0.151 0.189 | 12.87 (0.27) | 11.93 (0.28) | 11.68 (0.27) | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
BHEI-R (100) | 54.70 (0.51) | 56.42 (0.50) | 58.38 (0.39) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 50.76 (0.57) | 50.33 (0.42) | 54.46 (0.56) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 54.64 (0.62) | 56.47 (0.66) | 58.02 (0.60) | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 60.79 (0.55) | 62.78 (0.57) | 63.24 (0.49) | 0.001 < 0.001 |