Assessing the community-level impact of a decade of user fee policy shifts on health facility deliveries in Kenya, 2003-2014

Obare, Francis; Abuya, Timothy; Matanda, Dennis; Bellows, Ben

doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0774-4

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Results from interrupted time series analysis predicting trends in private facility deliveries following 2004, 2007, and 2013 user fee policy shifts

From: Assessing the community-level impact of a decade of user fee policy shifts on health facility deliveries in Kenya, 2003-2014

Indicator	Bottom two quintiles		Top two quintiles		Rural women		Urban women
Indicator	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value
Pre-policy trend (β₁)	0.002 (−0.001; 0.004)	0.154	−0.003 (− 0.006; − 0.001)	*0.017*	0.001 (− 0.001; 0.003)	0.380	− 0.004 (− 0.008; − 0.001)	0.030
2004 policy
Change in level (β₂)	− 0.089 (− 0.145; − 0.033)	*0.002*	− 0.012 (− 0.075; 0.051)	0.699	− 0.076 (− 0.119; − 0.034)	*0.001*	0.038 (− 0.041; 0.117)	0.340
Change in trend (β₃)	0.000 (− 0.007; 0.007)	0.935	0.007 (− 0.001; 0.015)	0.074	0.002 (− 0.003; 0.008)	0.397	0.003 (− 0.008; 0.013)	0.575
Predicted trend	0.002 (− 0.005; 0.009)	0.537	0.004 (− 0.004; 0.012)	0.294	0.003 (− 0.002; 0.008)	0.225	− 0.001 (− 0.011; 0.009)	0.836
2007 policy
Change in level (β₂)	−0.010 (− 0.069; 0.048)	0.742	− 0.027 (− 0.094; 0.040)	0.418	− 0.015 (− 0.061; 0.030)	0.496	− 0.022 (− 0.106; 0.063)	0.611
Change in trend (β₃)	− 0.002 (− 0.009; 0.005)	0.631	−0.002 (− 0.010; 0.006)	0.674	− 0.003 (− 0.008; 0.003)	0.345	0.000 (− 0.010; 0.011)	0.960
Predicted trend	0.000 (− 0.002; 0.003)	0.742	0.002 (− 0.000; 0.005)	0.088	0.001 (− 0.001; 0.002)	0.511	− 0.001 (− 0.004; 0.003)	0.675
2013 policy
Change in level (β₂)	−0.005 (− 0.079; 0.070)	0.903	0.025 (− 0.056; 0.105)	0.543	− 0.007 (− 0.064; 0.050)	0.800	0.016 (− 0.080; 0.113)	0.733
Change in trend (β₃)	− 0.001 (− 0.029; 0.026)	0.915	− 0.030 (− 0.059; − 0.001)	*0.042*	− 0.005 (− 0.026; 0.016)	0.619	− 0.015 (− 0.049; 0.019)	0.389
Predicted trend	− 0.001 (− 0.028; 0.026)	0.938	−0.028 (− 0.057; 0.001)	0.059	−0.005 (− 0.026; 0.016)	0.659	−0.016 (− 0.050; 0.018)	0.361
Constant (β₀)	0.068 (0.034; 0.102)	*0.000*	0.283 (0.245; 0.322)	*0.000*	0.099 (0.073; 0.125)	*0.000*	0.307 (0.256; 0.358)	0.000
Number of observations	64		65		64		65

p-values in bold italics are statistically significant at p < 0.01 or p < 0.05

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