Fig. 3

Decomposing absolute inequality in medical care utilization and HCHS by poverty status: Rwanda, 2005, 2010. “-Composition” represents compositional effect, and “-Response” represents response effect; the numbers in the bracket are absolute contributions to the inequalities, with the first number being in 2005 and the second in 2010; a negative value of the compositional effect for a covariate indicates the expected increase in the poverty-non-poverty inequality gap if the poverty group was equal to the non-poverty group in the distribution of the covariate; and a negative value of the response effect for a covariate indicates the expected increase in the poverty-non-poverty inequality gap if the poverty group had the same returns or risks to the covariate as did the non-poverty group