Characteristics | Mekong Delta region (N = 1905) | Rest of Vietnam (N = 7494) | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | Â | |
Sex of the household head | |||||
 Male | 71.9 | (69.9–73.9) | 76.0 | (75.1–77.0) | 0.0001) |
 Female | 28.1 | (26.1–30.1) | 24.0 | (23.0–24.9) |  |
Age of household head | |||||
 Under 60 years | 74.0 | (72.0–76.0) | 77.6 | (76.6–78.5) | 0.0011) |
 60+ | 26.0 | (24.0–28.0) | 22.4 | (21.5–23.4) |  |
Ethnicity of household head | |||||
 Kinh | 91.9 | (90.6–93.1) | 79.8 | (78.9–80.7) | 0.0001) |
 Other | 8.1 | (6.9–9.4) | 20.2 | (19.3–21.1) |  |
Education of the household head | |||||
 Up to primary | 75.2 | (73.2–77.1) | 45.1 | (44.0–46.2) | 0.0002) |
 Secondary | 21.5 | (19.7–23.4) | 48.1 | (46.9–49.2) |  |
 University and others | 3.3 | (2.5–4.1) | 6.8 | (6.3–7.4) |  |
Household size | |||||
 1–2 persons | 16.6 | (15.0–18.3) | 19.8 | (18.9–20.7) | 0.0052) |
 3–4 persons | 51.4 | (49.1–53.6) | 50.2 | (49.1–51.3) |  |
 5 persons or more | 32.0 | (29.9–34.1) | 30.0 | (28.9–31.0) |  |
Having elderly people in the household | |||||
 No | 65.9 | (63.8–68.1) | 69.7 | (68.6–70.7) | 0.0021) |
 Yes | 34.1 | (31.9–36.2) | 30.3 | (29.3–31.4) |  |
Having child in the household | |||||
 No | 35.6 | (33.5–37.8) | 41.8 | (40.7–42.9) | 0.0001) |
 Yes | 64.4 | (62.2–66.5) | 58.2 | (57.1–59.3) |  |
Observed economic/environmental shock during past 5Â years | |||||
 No | 73.0 | (71.0–75.0) | 85.6 | (84.8–86.4) | 0.0001) |
 Yes | 27.0 | (25.0–29.0) | 14.4 | (13.6–15.2) |  |
Location | |||||
 Urban | 23.9 | (22.0–25.9) | 30.0 | (28.9–31.0) | 0.0001) |
 Rural | 76.1 | (74.1–78.0) | 70.0 | (69.0–71.1) |  |
Household with at least one health insurance enrolee | |||||
 No | 17.4 | (15.7–19.1) | 10.8 | (10.1–11.6) | 0.0001) |
 Yes | 82.6 | (80.9–84.3) | 89.2 | (88.4–89.9) |  |
Hospitalized member | |||||
 No | 19.6 | (17.8–21.4) | 42.3 | (41.2–43.4) | 0.0001) |
 Yes | 80.4 | (78.6–82.2) | 57.7 | (56.6–58.8) |  |
Utilized healthcare from private facility | |||||
 No | 51.1 | (48.8–53.3) | 72.5 | (71.5–73.5) | 0.0001) |
 Yes | 48.9 | (46.7–51.2) | 27.5 | (26.5–28.5) |  |
Expenditure quintile | |||||
 Poorest | 28.8 | (26.7–30.8) | 17.8 | (16.9–18.6) | 0.0002) |
 2nd | 25.6 | (23.6–27.5) | 18.6 | (17.7–19.5) |  |
 3rd | 18.2 | (16.5–19.9) | 20.5 | (19.5–21.4) |  |
 4th | 16.2 | (14.5–17.8) | 21.0 | (20.1–21.9) |  |
 Richest | 11.3 | (9.9–12.7) | 22.2 | (21.3–23.1) |  |