Skip to main content

Table 2 Effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the association between income inequality and metabolic CVD risk factors

From: Income inequality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a highly unequal country: a fixed-effects analysis from South Africa

 

Longitudinal Fixed-Effects Models

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

BMI (kg/m2)

0.03 (−0.56, 0.64)

0.03 (− 0.56, 0.62)

0.26 (− 0.52, 1.03)

Waist circumference (cm)

−1.49 (−3.26, 0.27)

− 1.62 (− 3.33, 0.07)

−0.86 (− 3.39, 1.67)

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

−1.66 (− 4.07, 0.76)

−1.57 (− 3.95, 0.82)

−1.14 (− 4.19, 1.90)

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

0.32 (− 1.47, 2.11)

0.30 (− 1.43, 2.03)

1.31 (− 1.17, 3.79)

  1. Estimates correspond to a change of 0.10 in the Gini coefficient from linear fixed-effects models. Standard errors are clustered by district
  2. aControls for survey wave
  3. bControls for: wave; marital status, employment status; and household log household income, size, and receipt of government grants
  4. cAdds district-level variables to Model 2: mean age; log mean monthly equivalized household income; and percents female, African, unemployed, with no education, with tertiary education, and rural