Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables extracted and computed from the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS)- Third, 2011

 Individuals reporting chronic illness [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Individuals reporting acute illness and injuries ^a [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

  Individual who sought care for their acute illness and injuries [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

Individual weights

 Household expenditure ^b (NRs ^c) (in 1000)

 Out of pocket health expenditure (NRs)

 Household size

 Household has under 5-years children [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Household has elderly (60 years and above) population [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Household head is male [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Literate household head [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Settlement area is urban [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

Geographical belts

 Mountain

 Hill

 Tarai

Administrative regions

 Eastern

 Central

 Western

 Mid-western

 Far-western

Commute time to the nearest health facility is less than 1 h [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

Households reporting chronic illness [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

Households reporting acute illness and injuries [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

Household weights

 Individuals reporting both chronic and acute illness [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Capacity to Pay (NRs) (in 1000)

 OOP share of household expenditure (%)

 OOP share of household capacity to pay

 Equivalent household size for each household

 Households reporting both chronic and acute illness [yes = 1; otherwise,0]

 Number of family members with chronic illness episodes

 Number of family members reporting acute illness and injuries episodes

 Ratio of acute illness and injuries episodes to household size

 Ratio of chronic illness episodes to household size

 Ratio of total illness episodes to household size

Expenditure quartiles ^d

 1

 2

 3

 4

Households with CHE (> = 40% of CTP) [yes = 1; otherwise,0] ^e