Social health insurance, healthcare utilization, and costs in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults in China

Table 7 Multiple regression model for total healthcare costs in middle-aged and elderly adults

Variables/categories	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.
Health insurance; ref.: Not covered by social health insurance
UEMI	1.507^***	0.266
URMI			1.033^***	0.275
NCMI					0.920^***	0.174
Female, ref. male	− 0.406^*	0.186	− 0.556^*	0.239	− 0.296^***	0.077
Age in years; ref.:<=50
> 50 and <=65	0.931^***	0.260	0.576^*	0.270	0.374^***	0.097
> 65	1.202^***	0.288	0.922^**	0.358	0.343^**	0.118
Educational level; ref.: Less than lower secondary education
Upper secondary & vocational training	0.331	0.223	0.442	0.330	0.181	0.153
Tertiary education	0.850^*	0.370	1.815	1.358	1.505	0.924
Marital status; ref.:
Single/divorced/widowed
Married/cohabiting	−0.073	0.251	0.145	0.316	0.037	0.109
Health status (self-reported); ref.: Excellent
Very good	0.649	0.512	1.265^*	0.602	1.793^***	0.240
Good	0.977^*	0.484	0.928	0.581	2.150^***	0.226
Fair	2.490^***	0.449	2.377^***	0.507	3.279^***	0.210
Poor	4.543^***	0.477	4.323^***	0.541	5.118^***	0.220
Income level; ref.: Lowest quintile
Second quintile	0.773	0.564	0.829	0.503	0.319^**	0.112
Third quintile	0.842^*	0.406	0.855^*	0.418	0.551^***	0.113
Fourth quintile	1.253^**	0.432	0.999^*	0.448	0.469^***	0.121
Highest quintile	1.047^*	0.435	1.031^*	0.449	0.428^***	0.129
Live in Urban or Rural; ref.: urban	−0.073	0.236	0.058	0.280	−0.276^***	0.086

Estimates were weighted using individual sampling weights and adjusted for household and individual responses
Note: *** implies p-value < 0.001, ** indicates p-value < 0.01, * implies p-value < 0.05

ISSN: 1475-9276