Social health insurance, healthcare utilization, and costs in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults in China

Table 4 Healthcare costs (in dollar terms) by type of health insurance in middle-aged and elderly adults

	Not covered by social health insurance		UEMI		URMI		NCMI		total		Sign
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Sign
Medication costs (per month)
Total	27.69	45.99	46.18	88.89	34.78	70.58	28.43	75.44	31.32	76.37	***
OOP	27.53	45.43	44.41	86.04	34.09	69.60	27.15	73.14	29.86	74.07	***
Outpatient costs (per month)
Total	19.59	112.73	63.75	649.14	61.86	685.73	43.25	1087.34	45.78	993.53	**
OOP	17.66	98.67	37.53	619.90	36.78	381.37	26.21	247.90	27.60	323.72	*
Inpatient costs (per year)
Total	165.51	1436.21	391.73	1787.08	235.41	1292.73	185.51	1013.36	214.04	1182.68	***
OOP	113.88	951.67	157.39	838.62	138.25	917.84	117.28	705.91	123.89	750.83	**
Dentist costs (per year)
Total	12.35	51.68	26.62	106.15	15.32	57.84	11.39	66.85	13.62	72.27	***
OOP	12.34	51.67	24.24	101.02	15.24	57.69	11.04	58.44	13.02	65.29	***
Total healthcare costs (per year)
Total	559.63	2052.96	1482.58	8104.24	1227.89	8570.99	875.85	13,093.33	958.43	12,010.06	*
OOP	482.58	1611.43	910.94	7421.37	831.08	4856.40	596.74	3262.60	644.77	4091.15	***

Not covered by social health insurance includes the middle-aged and elderly population who did not enroll in any social health insurance plan (including UEMI, URMI, or NCMI), but possibly have commercial health insurance. Calculations were weighted using individual sampling weights and adjusted for household and individual responses
Note: *** implies p-value < 0.001, ** indicates p-value < 0.01, * implies p-value < 0.05

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