Categories | Indicators/survey questions | |
---|---|---|
Dependent variable | ||
Healthcare underutilization | ||
Outpatient | Reported non-use of outpatient/no reported non-use of outpatient | Questions: Have you been ill in the last month? What the main reason for not seeking medical treatment? |
Inpatient | Reported non-use of inpatient/no reported non-use of inpatient | Question: In the past year, did a doctor suggest that you needed inpatient care but you did not get hospitalized? |
Dentist | No seen the dentist/ seen the dentist | Question: Have you seen a dentist for dental care in the last year? |
Early dismissal from the hospital | Reported dismissal from the hospital/ No reported dismissal from the hospital | Question: Why did you want to leave the hospital before you were recovered? |
Reason for health underutilization | ||
Reason for not seeking outpatient | Illness is not serious/No time/ Hospital quality poor/ other | Question: What’s the main reason for not seeking medical treatment? |
Reason for not seeking inpatient | Poor/Not willing to go to hospital/ Hospital quality poor/other | Question: What’s the main reason for not seeking hospitalization? |
Reason for early dismissal from the hospital | Can’t recover from illness/ Poor/ Hospital quality poor/ other | Question: Why did you want to leave the hospital before you were recovered? |
Healthcare utilization | ||
The number of outpatient visits | Questions: Which types of medical facilities have you visited in the last month for outpatient treatment? How many times did you visit these types of medical facilities during the last month? | |
The number of hospitalizations | Question: How many times have you received inpatient care during the last year? | |
The number of dentist visits | Question: How many times have you received dental care during the last year? | |
Length of hospital stay | Question: How many nights were you hospitalized? | |
Healthcare costs | ||
Total medication costs | Question: What is the approximate total cost of treat yourself during the last month? (Consumed medicine, health supplement, health care equipment etc.) | |
OOP medication costs | Question: How much did you pay out-of-pocket? | |
Total outpatient costs | Question: How much did all the outpatient visit cost during the last month? | |
OOP outpatient costs | Question: How much did you pay out of pocket, after reimbursement from insurance? | |
Total inpatient costs | Question: What was the total medical cost of hospitalization?(Only include the fees paid to the hospital) | |
OOP inpatient costs | Question: How much did you pay out of pocket for the hospitalization, after reimbursement from insurance? | |
Total dentist costs | Question: What was the total medical cost for all the dental care in the last year? | |
OOP dentist costs | Question: How much did you pay out of pocket, after reimbursement from insurance? | |
Independent variables | ||
Health insurance | 0 No insurance/1 UEMI/2 URMI/3 NCMI/4 Other | Question: Are you the policy holder/primary beneficiary of any of the types of health insurance? |
Sex | Male/Female | |
Age in years | ≤55/56–65/> 65 | |
Educational level | Less than lower secondary/upper secondary & vocational training/tertiary | Question: What’s the highest level of education in last wave? |
Marital status | Not-married/Married | Question: What is your marital status? |
Health self-reported | Excellent/Very good/Good/Fair/Poor | Question: Would you say your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? |
Income level | ≤1920¥/1920–10,100¥/10,100–276,223¥/≥27,622–53,520¥/> 53,520¥ | Yearly household income divided by number of household numbers; 1st household-member with a weight of 1, all following household members with a weight of 0.5 |
Live in Urban or Rural | Urban/rural |