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Table 1 Measurement Tools

From: Measuring social exclusion in healthcare settings: a scoping review

Full Name [and associated references]

Name

Social Exclusion (SE) / Social Inclusion (SI)

Target Group

Purpose

Background

No of Items

Scoring

Administration

Activity and Participation Questionnaire [42, 43, 64]

APQ-6

 

patients in mental health settings

to foster discussion on recovery between patients in mental health settings and clinicians

developed from concepts of Australian Bureau of Statistics Labour Force Surveys and Census

6

measures hours of participation

self-reported, telephone or face to face

Australian Community Participation Questionnaire [42, 43, 65]

ACPQ

 

general population, patients in mental health settings

to measure community participation in people with mental health issues, including those in rural and remote locations, not for clinical use

developed specifically

15 (short version), 30 (long version)

Likert scale

self-reported

Based On ‘The Human Givens’ [40, 41]

HG

 

patients in mental health settings

     

Community Integration Measure / Questionnaire [57, 66, 67]

CIM / CIQ

 

patients with traumatic brain injury, patients in mental health settings

to measure belonging and participation in community

based on qualitative research with patients with brain injury

10

Likert scale

self-reported

Composite Measure Of Social Inclusion [42, 43, 68, 69]

CMSI

SI

patients in mental health settings

to measure social inclusion as an outcome of psychosocial rehabilitation programs

based on aspects of the Socially Valued Role Classification Scale [70] and the Community Integration Questionnaire [67]

75

classification table including hours of participation and supports needed

two separate face to face interviews

EMILIA Project Questionnaire [42, 43, 56]

EPQ

SI/SE

patients in mental health settings

to examine changes in SE/SI of mental health service users who took part in educational programme, for use in clinical setting and for research

developed specifically

10

qualitative only, answers analysed thematically

self-reported

Evaluating Social Inclusion Questionnaire [71]

ESIQ

SI

patients in mental health settings

to evaluate patient’s sense of social inclusion, especially when they move from supported settings out into the community.

focus on service user/patient input into design and reporting of tool

18

Likert scale

semi structured interview

Inclusion Web [42, 43, 72]

IW

SI

patients in mental health settings

for use in discussion between patient and clinician to foster collaboration and to improve social inclusion

developed specifically

18

counting no of activities, people and places engaged with

patient and HCP discussion, visual ‘map’ developed

Living in the Community Questionnaire [42, 73]

LCQ

SI

patients in mental health settings

to monitor the social inclusion of patients in mental health settings; including vocational and community activity, housing status and access to a GP, for use in clinical setting

developed by the Australian Mental Health Outcomes and Classification Network, based on APQ 6 tool

33

Likert scale

self-reported

Mental Health Recovery Star [74,75,76]

MHRS

SI

patients in mental health settings

to assess patients recovery from mental illness, key workers to map and plan change

based on HOS below, but then academic literature and published mental health h service user accounts also influence

10

scale 1–10 for each domain

patient and key worker discussion, visual ‘map’ developed, repeated over time

Multidimensional Social Inclusion [36]

MSI

SI

patients in mental health settings

tool to prompt discussion between patients in mental health settings and clinicians on social inclusion

tool developed meant to facilitate discussion in clinical setting, based on theory of Pinfold [77]

4

not scored

discussion aid

Homeless Outcomes Star [78,79,80]

HOS

 

homeless people

to measure change across ten domains of life of homeless person, focus on self-reliance, key workers use to map and plan change

developed by staff and clients of homeless organisations, ‘bottom-up process’

10

scale 1–10 for each domain

patient and key worker discussion, visual ‘map’ developed, repeated over time

Participation Scale [81]

PS

SI

people with disability

to evaluate rehabilitation, social inclusion and stigma reduction programmes, available in seven languages, for research or clinical assessment of progress

based partly on participation domains of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health [82]

13 (short version), 18 (long version)

overall score calculated

interview by staff

Social and Community Opportunities Profile [41,42,43, 57, 83]

SCOPE

SI

patients in mental health settings, general population

to assess social inclusion using objective and subjective measures

based on review of existing SI measures and literature, concept mapping exercises conducted with different groups incl mental health service users, professionals and general population

48 (short version), 121 (long version)

Likert scale and other measures

self-reported or interview

Social and Community Opportunities Profile – Chinese Version [44, 84,85,86,87]

SCOPE-C

SI

patients in mental health settings, people who are migrants

to assess social inclusion with objective and subjective factors with people in cultural context

Chinese version of SCOPE, modified based on local research and translated for use in Hong Kong

56

Likert scale and other measures

self-reported

Social Inclusion Questionnaire [42, 43, 47]

SIQ

SI

patients in mental health settings

to estimate the level of social inclusion of patients in mental health settings attending a day hospital service, for use in clinical setting

looked at existing measures and then developed own over repeated engagement with service users and staff

23

Likert scale and traffic light system from Bates 2002 to report level of SI

self-reported

Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience [45, 57, 88]

SInQUE

SI

patients in mental health settings

to assess the extent to which people with severe mental illness are socially included; looking back at time prior to hospital admission, and at current situation

based on the Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey [89] with added questions on political engagement

97

score given for each domain, then total score calculated; higher score means greater SI

structured interview

Social Inclusion Scale / Social Inclusion Measure [42, 43, 57, 69, 90,91,92]

SIS / SIM

SI

patients in mental health settings

to assess how participation in arts programmes affects social inclusion

created specifically, but based on literature reviews, website searches, contacting experts and UK National Labour Force Survey questions

22

Likert scale

self-reported

Social Integration Survey [57, 93]

SIS

 

patients in mental health settings

to measure social functioning for patients with schizophrenia from patient and informant perspective

based on literature, expert advice and patient feedback

62

 

self-reported

Staff Survey of Social Inclusion [42, 43, 94]

SSSI

SI

patients in mental health settings

for mental health staff to estimate social inclusion of patients using traffic light system, for use in clinical setting

developed specifically, but based on Bates and Butlers ‘Life Domains’ [95]

10

staff report time patient has spent on activity over one week

staff complete the measure

Support Needs Questionnaire [96]

SNQ

SI

patients in mental health settings

to measure social inclusion and recovery of people with significant mental health problems, for use in clinical setting

derived from Social Role Valorisation theory [97], developed in conjunction with patients

8

Likert scale

face to face

Vulnerability Assessment Tool [98, 99]

VAT

 

homeless people

used to measure homeless persons vulnerability and needs in order to allocate services

developed by staff in homeless services to assess need and allocate resources

10

scale 1–5 for each domain, overall score calculated

person and key worker