Who benefits from increased service utilisation? Examining the distributional effects of payment for performance in Tanzania

Table 9 Effect of P4P on service utilisation by subgroups –using district-level clustering of Standard Errors

	Institutional deliveries			Uptake of IPT2
Subgrouping variables	Average subgroup effect		Differential effect test (p-value)	Average subgroup effect		Differential effect test (p-value)
	N	Beta	Differential effect test (p-value)	N	Beta	Differential effect test (p-value)
Marital status
Married	3869	7.7	(p = 0.580)	3253	10.2^a	(p = 0.960)
Unmarried	1878	9.1		1504	9.1
Maternal age
Younger below the median age	2914	8.5	(p = 0.565)	2336	9.6^b	(p = 0.790)
Older above the median age	2833	7.2^b		2421	9.8
Education
Some education	4611	8.9^c	(p = 0.400)	3877	9.3^a	(p = 0.800)
No education/illiterate	1136	5.9		880	16.5
Occupation
Farmer	2950	11.5^c	(p = 0.140)	2434	16.0^a	(p = 0.060)
Non-farmer	2797	5.6		2323	5.6
Religion
Muslim	4376	9.7^a	(p = 0.600)	3623	10.5^b	(p = 0.440)
Non-Muslim	1371	3.9		1134	6.0
Parity/births
One birth	1886	9.7^b	(p = 0.455)	1510	9.3^a	(p = 0.895)
Two or more births	3861	7.6^c		3247	10.3
Household size by members
Small size (< 5)	2996	5.1	(p = 0.045)	2476	7.7^c	(p = 0.925)
Large size (≥5)	2751	10.4^c		2281	9.9^a
Health insurance
Insured	475	−7.6	(p = 0.225)	429	20.1^a	(p = 0.965)
Uninsured	5272	9.7^b		4328	10.4^a
Household wealth status
Tercile 1 (poorest)	1940	11.4	(p = 0.400)	1559	14.5^a	(p = 0.120)
Tercile 2 (middle)	1916	10.2^c	(p = 0.125)	1576	16.2^a	(p = 0.050)
Tercile 3 (least poor)	1891	3.7	Reference	1622	2.6	Reference
Place of residence
Rural district	4694	9.9^c	(p = 0.080)	3851	11.4^b	(p = 0.430)
Urban district	1053	0.9		906	3.3

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