Barriers and facilitators to implementation, uptake and sustainability of community-based health insurance schemes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Table 5 Summary of key findings under financial arrangement level of health system

Systems-level factors: Financial arrangement	Number and type of studies ^a	Reported as barriers	Reported as facilitators	Related to ^b
Systems-level factors: Financial arrangement	Number and type of studies ^a	Reported as barriers	Reported as facilitators	Implementation	Uptake	Sustainability
Amount and timing of premium	N = 19 Qualitative (4); Cross-sectional (4); Mixed (8); Case studies (3)	N = 19 [38, 39, 42, 45,46,47,48,49,50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59,60,61,62, 65, 76]	N = 4 [47, 50, 56, 76]		X	X
Cost-sharing	N = 10 Quantitative (1); Qualitative (2); Cross-sectional (6); Mixed (1)	N = 9 [4, 33, 36, 38, 39, 44, 56, 75, 77]	N = 1 [57]		X	X
Payment arrangement for services	N = 6 Cross-sectional (1); Qualitative (1); Mixed (3); Case study (1)	N = 4 [36, 38, 48, 78]	N = 2 [55, 75]	X
Financial viability of scheme	N = 9 Qualitative (2); Cross-sectional (2); Mixed (4); Case study (1)	N = 7 [36, 38, 53, 61, 68, 73, 78]	N = 2 [55, 57]			X

^a Some of the studies included both barriers and facilitators
^b X symbol denotes whether the factor relates to implementation, uptake or sustainability

ISSN: 1475-9276