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Table 3 Multilevel mix-effect ordered logistic regression estimates

From: Urbanization, economic development and health: evidence from China’s labor-force dynamic survey

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Independent variables

 Urbanization rate

  

0.992

[0.980, 1.004]

1.043*

[0.995, 1.092]

 Square of urbanization rate

    

1.000**

[0.999, 1.000]

 GDP per capita in 2014

  

1.057

[0.983, 1.137]

1.250**

[1.022, 1.529]

 Square of GDP per capita in 2014

    

0.989

[0.976, 1.003]

Control variables

 The change of urbanization rate from 2010 to 2014

  

0.998

[0.948, 1.051]

0.986

[0.935, 1.041]

 The logarithm of population size of the prefecture-level city

  

1.130

[0.935, 1.366]

1.150

[0.962, 1.374]

 Age

0.963***

[0.959, 0.967]

0.963***

[0.959, 0.967]

0.963***

[0.959, 0.967]

 Male (ref: female)

1.162***

[1.073, 1.258]

1.163***

[1.074, 1.259]

1.165***

[1.075, 1.261]

 Married (ref: single- divorced- or widowed)

0.927

[0.838, 1.027]

0.928

[0.839, 1.028]

0.928

[0.838, 1.028]

 Education (ref: primary school or below)

  Junior high school

1.276***

[1.173, 1.387]

1.275***

[1.173, 1.387]

1.273***

[1.171, 1.384]

  Senior high school

1.357***

[1.217, 1.512]

1.356***

[1.217, 1.512]

1.351***

[1.212, 1.506]

  College and above

1.438***

[1.260, 1.642]

1.438***

[1.260, 1.641]

1.430***

[1.253, 1.632]

 Employed (ref: unemployed)

1.196***

[1.049, 1.364]

1.196***

[1.049, 1.363]

1.197***

[1.050, 1.365]

 Logarithm of annual personal income

1.235***

[1.194, 1.278]

1.234***

[1.192, 1.276]

1.233***

[1.191, 1.275]

 Local hukou (ref: non-local hukou)

1.030

[0.935, 1.135]

1.031

[0.936, 1.136]

1.025

[0.931, 1.130]

 Length of residence in the city

1.002

[0.999, 1.006]

1.002

[0.999, 1.006]

1.002

[0.999, 1.006]

 Urban neighborhood (ref: rural neighborhood)

1.111

[0.943, 1.309]

1.092

[0.925, 1.290]

1.093

[0.927, 1.288]

 Smoking (ref: smoker)

  Former smoker

0.758***

[0.636, 0.902]

0.757***

[0.636, 0.902]

0.757***

[0.636, 0.901]

  Nonsmoker

0.947

[0.870, 1.031]

0.947

[0.870, 1.031]

0.947

[0.870, 1.031]

 Frequent physical exercises (ref: infrequent physical exercises)

1.141***

[1.046, 1.245]

1.142***

[1.047, 1.246]

1.144***

[1.048, 1.248]

  Number of individuals

14,791

14,791

14,791

  Number of neighborhoods

401

401

401

  Number of cities

124

124

124

  Log likelihood

−17,813.211

−17,811.009

−17,802.663

  χ2

1321.023***

1325.168***

1345.478***

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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