Table 3 The pathway from parental socioeconomic position to abnormal/doubtful child development via birth factorsa
Gross Motor Skills | Hearing & Language | Vision & Fine Motor Skills | Social | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
β [CI] | β [CI] | β [CI] | β [CI] | |
Parent NS-SEC | ||||
1.2 Higher Professionals | ||||
Total effect | 0·14 [−0·27,0·55] | 0·02 [−0·21,0·26] | 0·33 [−0·09,0·75] | 0·37 [−0·11,0·85] |
Direct effect | 0·13 [−0·28,0·54] | 0·05 [−0·18,0·29] | 0·38 [−0·05,0·80] | 0·40 [−0·08,0·89] |
Indirect effect | 0·01 [−0·05,0·07] | −0·03 [−0·10,0·04] | −0·05 [−0·13,0·03] | −0·03 [−0·12,0·06] |
2 Lower managerial and professional | ||||
Total effect | 0·14 [−0·20,0·48] | 0·20 [0·01,0·39] | 0·43 [0·08,0·78] | 0·57 [0·16,0·97] |
Direct effect | 0·16 [−0·18,0·50] | 0·22 [0·03,0·40] | 0·45 [0·10,0·80] | 0·59 [0·19,1·00] |
Indirect effect | −0·02 [−0·08,0·04] | −0·02 [−0·09,0·05] | −0·02 [−0·10,0·06] | −0·02 [−0·11,0·07] |
3 Intermediate | ||||
Total effect | 0·05 [−0·32,0·43] | 0·20 [−0·01,0·40] | 0·37 [−0·01,0·75] | 0·44 [−0·01,0·88] |
Direct effect | 0·09 [−0·29,0·47] | 0·22 [0·02,0·43] | 0·40 [0·02,0·78] | 0·47 [0·03,0·92] |
Indirect effect | −0·04 [−0·11,0·03] | −0·03 [−0·10,0·04] | −0·02 [−0·11,0·06] | −0·03 [−0·13,0·06] |
4 Small employers and own account | ||||
Total effect | −0·01 [−0·47,0·44] | 0·43 [0·19,0·67] | 0·53 [0·10,0·96] | 0·90 [0·41,1·39] |
Direct effect | 0·00 [−0·46,0·45] | 0·37 [0·13,0·61] | 0·50 [0·06,0·93] | 0·87 [0·38,1·36] |
Indirect effect | −0·01 [−0·08,0·06] | 0·06 [−0·01,0·14] | 0·04 [−0·05,0·12] | 0·03 [−0·07,0·12] |
5 Lower supervisory and technical | ||||
Total effect | 0·03 [−0·38,0·45] | 0·42 [0·20,0·65] | 0·46 [0·05,0·87] | 0·68 [0·20,1·15] |
Direct effect | 0·05 [−0·37,0·47] | 0·38 [0·16,0·61] | 0·43 [0·02,0·84] | 0·67 [0·19,1·14] |
Indirect effect | −0·02 [−0·10,0·06] | 0·04 [−0·04,0·12] | 0·03 [−0·06,0·12] | 0·01 [−0·09,0·11] |
6 Semi-routine | ||||
Total effect | 0·20 [−0·18,0·59] | 0·52 [0·31,0·73] | 0·81 [0·43,1·19] | 0·94 [0·49,1·38] |
Direct effect | 0·25 [−0·14,0·63] | 0·47 [0·26,0·68] | 0·79 [0·41,1·18] | 0·94 [0·49,1·39] |
Indirect effect | −0·04 [−0·13,0·04] | 0·05 [−0·03,0·13] | 0·02 [−0·07,0·11] | 0·00 [−0·11,0·10] |
7 Routine | ||||
Total effect | 0·35 [−0·06,0·77] | 0·51 [0·28,0·73] | 0·89 [0·49,1·29] | 0·95 [0·48,1·42] |
Direct effect | 0·40 [−0·01,0·82] | 0·44 [0·21,0·67] | 0·86 [0·46,1·27] | 0·94 [0·47,1·42] |
Indirect effect | −0·05 [−0·14,0·04] | 0·06 [−0·02,0·14] | 0·03 [−0·06,0·13] | 0·01 [−0·10,0·12] |
Never worked and Long Term Unemployed | ||||
Total effect | 0·51 [0·04,0·99] | 0·78 [0·52,1·03] | 1·32 [0·88,1·76] | 1·47 [0·96,1·98] |
Direct effect | 0·57 [0·08,1·05] | 0·65 [0·39,0·91] | 1·24 [0·80,1·69] | 1·41 [0·90,1·93] |
Indirect effect | −0·05 [−0·18,0·08] | 0·13 [0·03,0·22] | 0·08 [−0·05,0·20] | 0·06 [−0·09,0·20] |
Full Time Student | ||||
Total effect | 0·39 [−0·24,1·02] | 0·34 [−0·02,0·71] | 0·54 [−0·09,1·18] | 0·65 [−0·10,1·39] |
Direct effect | 0·51 [−0·13,1·15] | 0·57 [0·21,0·94] | 0·75 [0·12,1·39] | 0·87 [0·12,1·62] |
Indirect effect | −0·12 [−0·25,0·01] | −0·23 [−0·33,−0·13] | −0·21 [−0·34,−0·08] | −0·22 [−0·37,−0·08] |
Parent Highest Qualification | ||||
Higher National Certificate/Diploma | ||||
Total effect | 0·05 [−0·22,0·32] | 0·07 [−0·08,0·21] | 0·14 [−0·11,0·40] | 0·02 [−0·27,0·30] |
Direct effect | 0·06 [−0·21,0·33] | 0·05 [−0·10,0·20] | 0·12 [−0·13,0·38] | 0·01 [−0·28,0·30] |
Indirect effect | −0·01 [−0·08,0·05] | 0·02 [−0·06,0·09] | 0·02 [−0·06,0·10] | 0·01 [−0·09,0·10] |
Highers/Certificate of Sixth Year Studies | ||||
Total effect | 0·04 [−0·20,0·29] | 0·12 [−0·01,0·25] | 0·20 [−0·03,0·43] | −0·09 [−0·36,0·17] |
Direct effect | 0·07 [−0·18,0·32] | 0·10 [−0·03,0·24] | 0·17 [−0·06,0·40] | −0·09 [−0·36,0·17] |
Indirect effect | -0·03 [−0·09,0·04] | 0·02 [−0·06,0·09] | 0·03 [−0·05,0·11] | 0·00 [−0·09,0·09] |
Ordinary Grade/Standard Grade | ||||
Total effect | 0·27 [0·04,0·50] | 0·33 [0·21,0·46] | 0·43 [0·21,0·65] | 0·13 [−0·12,0·37] |
Direct effect | 0·30 [0·06,0·54] | 0·25 [0·12,0·38] | 0·32 [0·10,0·54] | 0·06 [−0·19,0·31] |
Indirect effect | -0·03 [−0·11,0·04] | 0·08 [0·01,0·16] | 0·10 [0·02,0·19] | 0·06 [−0·04,0·16] |
No Qualifications | ||||
Total effect | 0·45 [0·16,0·74] | 0·59 [0·44,0·75] | 0·86 [0·60,1·11] | 0·71 [0·42,1·00] |
Direct effect | 0·48 [0·19,0·78] | 0·44 [0·29,0·60] | 0·67 [0·41,0·93] | 0·57 [0·27,0·86] |
Indirect effect | -0·03 [−0·12,0·06] | 0·15 [0·07,0·23] | 0·19 [0·10,0·28] | 0·14 [0·03,0·25] |