Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the association between child development assessments, socioeconomic position and fetal environment
Gross Motor | Hearing and Language | Vision and Fine Motor | Social | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample col. % (n) | Normal | Abnormal/Doubtful | Normal | Abnormal/Doubtful | Total sample % (n) | Normal | Abnormal/Doubtful | Normal | Abnormal/Doubtful | |
Parental National Statistics Socio Economic Class | ||||||||||
1.1 Large employers and higher managerial | 6·3 (7271) | 6·3 (7192) | 5·3 (79) | 6·4 (7072) | 4·2 (199) | 6·4 (5957) | 6·4 (5903) | 3·1 (54) | 6·4 (5913) | 3·2 (44) |
1.2 Higher Professionals | 7·9 (9094) | 7·9 (8991) | 6·9 (103) | 8 (8846) | 5·3 (248) | 7·9 (7356) | 7·9 (7266) | 5·2 (90) | 7·9 (7278) | 5·7 (78) |
2 Lower managerial and professional | 28·9 (33176) | 28·9 (32785) | 26·2 (391) | 29·1 (32054) | 23·9 (1122) | 28·9 (27055) | 29·1 (26668) | 22·2 (387) | 29 (26734) | 23·4 (321) |
3 Intermediate | 15·3 (17597) | 15·3 (17399) | 13·2 (198) | 15·4 (16963) | 13·5 (634) | 15·3 (14323) | 15·4 (14108) | 12·3 (215) | 15·4 (14169) | 11·2 (154) |
4 Small employers and own account | 5·4 (6233) | 5·4 (6166) | 4·5 (67) | 5·4 (5950) | 6 (283) | 5·5 (5178) | 5·5 (5087) | 5·2 (91) | 5·5 (5091) | 6·3 (87) |
5 Lower supervisory and technical | 7·9 (9048) | 7·9 (8942) | 7·1 (106) | 7·8 (8630) | 8·9 (418) | 7·9 (7372) | 7·9 (7242) | 7·4 (130) | 7·9 (7266) | 7·7 (106) |
6 Semi-routine | 14·7 (16892) | 14·7 (16639) | 16·9 (253) | 14·5 (16001) | 19 (891) | 14·7 (13709) | 14·5 (13347) | 20·7 (362) | 14·6 (13437) | 19·8 (272) |
7 Routine | 8·4 (9701) | 8·4 (9522) | 12 (179) | 8·3 (9181) | 11·1 (520) | 8·4 (7861) | 8·3 (7625) | 13·5 (236) | 8·3 (7689) | 12·5 (172) |
Never worked and LTU | 3·8 (4311) | 3·7 (4219) | 6·2 (92) | 3·6 (4009) | 6·4 (302) | 3·7 (3454) | 3·6 (3298) | 8·9 (156) | 3·6 (3335) | 8·7 (119) |
Full-time students | 1·4 (1605) | 1·4 (1578) | 1·8 (27) | 1·4 (1535) | 1·5 (70) | 1·3 (1216) | 1·3 (1192) | 1·4 (24) | 1·3 (1198) | 1·3 (18) |
Parental Highest Qualification | ||||||||||
Degree | 28·4 (32637) | 28·5 (32285) | 23·5 (352) | 28·7 (31663) | 20·8 (974) | 28·4 (26506) | 28·6 (26196) | 17·8 (310) | 28·5 (26219) | 20·9 (287) |
Higher National Certificate/Diploma | 11·9 (13623) | 11·9 (13464) | 10·6 (159) | 11·9 (13163) | 9·8 (460) | 11·8 (11004) | 11·8 (10842) | 9·3 (162) | 11·8 (10872) | 9·6 (132) |
Highers/Certificate of Sixth Year Studies | 18·1 (20761) | 18·1 (20534) | 15·2 (227) | 18·1 (19996) | 16·3 (765) | 18·1 (16904) | 18·1 (16642) | 15 (262) | 18·1 (16714) | 13·9 (190) |
Ordinary Grade/Standard Grade | 29·6 (34032) | 29·6 (33531) | 33·5 (501) | 29·4 (32420) | 34·4 (1612) | 29·6 (27679) | 29·5 (27076) | 34·6 (603) | 29·6 (27242) | 31·9 (437) |
No Qualifications | 12·1 (13875) | 12 (13619) | 17·1 (256) | 11·8 (12999) | 18·7 (876) | 12·2 (11388) | 12 (10980) | 23·4 (408) | 12 (11063) | 23·7 (325) |
Marital Status | ||||||||||
Married | 62·2 (71455) | 62·2 (70603) | 57 (852) | 62·3 (68716) | 58·4 (2739) | 63·3 (59176) | 63·5 (58250) | 53·1 (926) | 63·4 (58409) | 55·9 (767) |
Other | 37·8 (43473) | 37·8 (42830) | 43 (643) | 37·7 (41525) | 41·6 (1948) | 36·7 (34305) | 36·5 (33486) | 46·9 (819) | 36·6 (33701) | 44·1 (604) |
Sex of Child | ||||||||||
Male | 51·3 (58984) | 51·2 (58114) | 58·2 (870) | 50·5 (55724) | 69·6 (3260) | 51·3 (47996) | 51 (46827) | 67 (1169) | 51 (47022) | 71 (974) |
Female | 48·7 (55944) | 48·8 (55319) | 41·8 (625) | 49·5 (54517) | 30·4 (1427) | 48·7 (45485) | 49 (44909) | 33 (576) | 49 (45088) | 29 (397) |
Birthweight | ||||||||||
Greater than 2500 g | 95·4 (109666) | 95·5 (108381) | 86 (1285) | 95·6 (105342) | 92·3 (4324) | 95·4 (89178) | 95·5 (87638) | 88·3 (1540) | 95·5 (87954) | 89·3 (1224) |
Low (1500 g–2500 g) | 4·1 (4757) | 4·1 (4595) | 10·8 (162) | 4 (4441) | 6·7 (316) | 4·1 (3878) | 4 (3711) | 9·6 (167) | 4·1 (3758) | 8·8 (120) |
Very low (<1500 g) | 0·4 (505) | 0·4 (457) | 3·2 (48) | 0·4 (458) | 1 (47) | 0·5 (425) | 0·4 (387) | 2·2 (38) | 0·4 (398) | 2 (27) |
Birthweight Percentilea | ||||||||||
0–3 | 2·9 (3347) | 2·9 (3253) | 6·3 (94) | 2·8 (3139) | 4·4 (208) | 2·9 (2733) | 2·9 (2631) | 5·8 (102) | 2·9 (2639) | 6·9 (94) |
4–10 | 6·8 (7833) | 6·8 (7692) | 9·4 (141) | 6·8 (7461) | 7·9 (372) | 6·8 (6371) | 6·8 (6201) | 9·7 (170) | 6·8 (6252) | 8·7 (119) |
11–20 | 9·9 (11324) | 9·8 (11161) | 10·9 (163) | 9·8 (10851) | 10·1 (473) | 9·8 (9207) | 9·8 (9016) | 10·9 (191) | 9·8 (9040) | 12·2 (167) |
21–80 | 59·9 (68788) | 59·9 (67993) | 53·2 (795) | 60 (66161) | 56 (2627) | 59·9 (56011) | 60 (55073) | 53·8 (938) | 60 (55268) | 54·2 (743) |
81–90 | 10 (11547) | 10·1 (11426) | 8·1 (121) | 10 (11070) | 10·2 (477) | 10·1 (9395) | 10·1 (9233) | 9·3 (162) | 10·1 (9270) | 9·1 (125) |
91–97 | 7·1 (8163) | 7·1 (8076) | 5·8 (87) | 7·1 (7812) | 7·5 (351) | 7·1 (6597) | 7·1 (6495) | 5·8 (102) | 7·1 (6526) | 5·2 (71) |
98–100 | 2·9 (3351) | 2·9 (3309) | 2·8 (42) | 2·9 (3227) | 2·6 (124) | 2·9 (2688) | 2·9 (2651) | 2·1 (37) | 2·9 (2664) | 1·8 (24) |
Estimated Gestation | ||||||||||
Full Term (>36 weeks) | 95·3 (109523) | 95·4 (108209) | 87·9 (1314) | 95·4 (105194) | 92·4 (4329) | 95·3 (89067) | 95·4 (87498) | 89·9 (1569) | 95·3 (87822) | 90·8 (1245) |
Preterm (32–36 weeks) | 4·2 (4830) | 4·1 (4701) | 8·6 (129) | 4·1 (4527) | 6·5 (303) | 4·2 (3935) | 4·1 (3802) | 7·6 (133) | 4·2 (3837) | 7·1 (98) |
Very preterm (<32 weeks) | 0·5 (575) | 0·5 (523) | 3·5 (52) | 0·5 (520) | 1·2 (55) | 0·5 (479) | 0·5 (436) | 2·5 (43) | 0·5 (451) | 2 (28) |
Maternal Age | ||||||||||
<18 | 1·9 (2199) | 1·9 (2179) | 1·3 (20) | 1·9 (2098) | 2·2 (101) | 1·9 (1785) | 1·9 (1744) | 2·3 (41) | 1·9 (1754) | 2·3 (31) |
18–20 | 4·3 (4969) | 4·3 (4917) | 3·5 (52) | 4·3 (4743) | 4·8 (226) | 4·3 (4038) | 4·3 (3950) | 5 (88) | 4·3 (3976) | 4·5 (62) |
20–24 | 16·8 (19309) | 16·7 (18988) | 21·5 (321) | 16·6 (18345) | 20·6 (964) | 16·8 (15743) | 16·7 (15343) | 22·9 (400) | 16·8 (15442) | 22 (301) |
25–29 | 31·8 (36521) | 31·8 (36112) | 27·4 (409) | 31·8 (35068) | 31 (1453) | 32·1 (30023) | 32·2 (29498) | 30·1 (525) | 32·2 (29630) | 28·7 (393) |
30–34 | 31·3 (35980) | 31·3 (35515) | 31·1 (465) | 31·5 (34678) | 27·8 (1302) | 31·2 (29187) | 31·3 (28721) | 26·7 (466) | 31·3 (28805) | 27·9 (382) |
35–39 | 12·1 (13937) | 12·1 (13744) | 12·9 (193) | 12·1 (13384) | 11·8 (553) | 11·9 (11107) | 11·9 (10910) | 11·3 (197) | 11·9 (10936) | 12·5 (171) |
>39 | 1·8 (2013) | 1·7 (1978) | 2·3 (35) | 1·7 (1925) | 1·9 (88) | 1·7 (1598) | 1·7 (1570) | 1·6 (28) | 1·7 (1567) | 2·3 (31) |
Maternal Smoking | ||||||||||
Never | 62 (71281) | 62 (70374) | 60·7 (907) | 62·3 (68629) | 56·6 (2652) | 61·9 (57899) | 62·1 (56999) | 51·6 (900) | 62·1 (57171) | 53·1 (728) |
Current | 25·9 (29748) | 25·9 (29328) | 28·1 (420) | 25·6 (28246) | 32 (1502) | 26 (24260) | 25·8 (23632) | 36 (628) | 25·8 (23774) | 35·4 (486) |
Former | 9·4 (10760) | 9·4 (10639) | 8·1 (121) | 9·4 (10380) | 8·1 (380) | 9·4 (8742) | 9·4 (8586) | 8·9 (156) | 9·4 (8629) | 8·2 (113) |
Not known | 2·7 (3139) | 2·7 (3092) | 3·1 (47) | 2·7 (2986) | 3·3 (153) | 2·8 (2580) | 2·7 (2519) | 3·5 (61) | 2·8 (2536) | 3·2 (44) |
Model of Delivery | ||||||||||
Normal | 65·2 (74959) | 65·3 (74048) | 60·9 (911) | 65·1 (71807) | 67·2 (3152) | 65·5 (61228) | 65·5 (60089) | 65·3 (1139) | 65·5 (60320) | 66·2 (908) |
Otherb | 34·8 (39969) | 34·7 (39385) | 39·1 (584) | 34·9 (38434) | 32·8 (1535) | 34·5 (32253) | 34·5 (31647) | 34·7 (606) | 34·5 (31790) | 33·8 (463) |
Parity | ||||||||||
multiparous | 54·7 (62861) | 54·6 (61951) | 60·9 (910) | 54·3 (59838) | 64·5 (3023) | 54·5 (50958) | 54·4 (49917) | 59·7 (1041) | 54·4 (50152) | 58·8 (806) |
nulliparous | 45·3 (52067) | 45·4 (51482) | 39·1 (585) | 45·7 (50403) | 35·5 (1664) | 45·5 (42523) | 45·6 (41819) | 40·3 (704) | 45·6 (42018) | 36·8 (505) |
Pre-Eclampsia | ||||||||||
No | 91·6 (105279) | 91·6 (103933) | 90 (1346) | 91·6 (100983) | 91·7 (4296) | 91·4 (85480) | 91·5 (83895) | 90·8 (1585) | 91·5 (84243) | 90·2 (1237) |
Yes | 8·4 (9649) | 8·4 (9500) | 10 (149) | 8·4 (9258) | 8·3 (391) | 8·6 (8001) | 8·5 (7841) | 9·2 (160) | 8·5 (7867) | 9·8 (134) |
Observations | 100 (114928) | 100 (113433) | 100 (1495) | 100 (110241) | 100 (4687) | 100 (93481) | 100 (91736) | 100 (1745) | 100 (92110) | 100 (1371) |
Number of Individuals | 32,238 | 31,731 | ||||||||