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Table 5 Coefficients from multinomial logit regression models for weight status among women, 2008–2012 (N = 10,838)

From: Slender women and overweight men: gender differences in the educational gradient in body weight in South Korea

Characteristic

Model 1a Under-weight

Over-weight

Obesity

Model 2a Under-weight

Over-weight

Obesity

Model 3a Under-weight

Over-weight

Obesity

Model 4a Under-weight

Over-weight

Obesity

Educational attainment (middle school or less)b

 High school

0.70**

−0.74**

−0.80**

−0.15

−0.38**

−0.71**

−0.24

−0.39**

−0.69**

−0.22

−0.39**

−0.68**

(0.21)

(0.06)

(0.09)

(0.24)

(0.08)

(0.11)

(0.25)

(0.08)

(0.12)

(0.24)

(0.08)

(0.12)

 College and above

1.24**

−1.27**

−1.58**

0.01

−0.74**

−1.44**

−0.12

−0.73**

−1.42**

−0.12

−0.72**

−1.38**

(0.20)

(0.07)

(0.11)

(0.25)

(0.09)

(0.15)

(0.27)

(0.10)

(0.15)

(0.27)

(0.10)

(0.15)

Household income (logged)

      

0.12

0.03

−0.16**

0.12

0.02

−0.16**

      

(0.08)

(0.04)

(0.05)

(0.08)

(0.04)

(0.05)

Occupational status (manual worker)

 Professional

      

0.30

−0.08

0.24

0.26

−0.08

0.25

      

(0.24)

(0.12)

(0.19)

(0.24)

(0.12)

(0.19)

 Clerical/service/sales

      

0.39

0.06

0.25

0.39

0.06

0.25

      

(0.22)

(0.09)

(0.14)

(0.22)

(0.09)

(0.13)

 Not in the labor force

      

0.37

−0.02

0.15

0.32

0.00

0.18

      

(0.21)

(0.08)

(0.12)

(0.21)

(0.08)

(0.12)

Marital status (married)

 Single

   

0.36*

−0.14

−0.35

0.38*

−0.14

−0.43*

0.42**

−0.17

−0.49*

   

(0.15)

(0.11)

(0.19)

(0.16)

(0.11)

(0.19)

(0.16)

(0.12)

(0.20)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

   

−0.12

−0.08

−0.06

−0.03

−0.07

−0.16

−0.01

−0.08

−0.22

   

(0.26)

(0.09)

(0.14)

(0.27)

(0.10)

(0.14)

(0.27)

(0.10)

(0.14)

Health behaviors

 Hours of sleep

         

0.09

−0.07*

−0.16**

         

(0.06)

(0.03)

(0.04)

 Smoking (non-smoker)

  Current smoker

         

0.05

−0.20

−0.02

         

(0.19)

(0.11)

(0.15)

  Former smoker

         

−0.41

0.08

0.29

         

(0.33)

(0.16)

(0.22)

 Drinking (Never)

            

  Light drinker

         

0.03

0.01

0.04

         

(0.14)

(0.07)

(0.10)

  Light and frequent drinker

         

−0.15

−0.02

−0.01

         

(0.16)

(0.08)

(0.12)

  Moderate drinker

         

−0.49*

0.01

0.12

         

(0.23)

(0.11)

(0.16)

  Heavy drinker (60–80 g ethanol/a day)

         

0.04

0.33*

0.40

         

(0.28)

(0.16)

(0.24)

  Binge drinker (> 80 g ethanol/a day)

         

−0.02

0.51**

0.71**

         

(0.32)

(0.20)

(0.25)

Constant

−3.00**

0.50**

−0.63**

0.41

−1.14**

−0.67*

−0.79*

−1.35**

0.44

−1.38

−0.88*

1.32*

(0.18)

(0.05)

(0.07)

(0.49)

(0.21)

(0.31)

(0.79)

(0.35)

(0.50)

(0.90)

(0.43)

(0.60)

  1. p-value ** < 0.01; * < 0.05. Age, survey year, self-reported health, region of residence, and parental education are controlled for in models 2–4. Robust standard errors are in parentheses.
  2. aNormal weight is a reference outcome.
  3. bOmitted categories are shown in parentheses