Table 1 Sample characteristics by gender, ages 25–64, distribution (%) or mean (SD), 2008–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), (N = 17,947)
Characteristics | Total (N = 17,947) | Women (N = 10,838) | Men (N = 7109) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight status | ||||
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 4.0 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 0.00 |
Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23) | 39.3 | 46.6 | 32.3 | |
Overweight (23 ≤ BMI < 27.5) | 44.2 | 36.9 | 51.3 | |
Obese (27.5 ≤ BMI) | 12.5 | 10.9 | 14.0 | |
BMI (continuous) | 23.8 (3.4) | 23.2 (3.5) | 24.3 (3.2) | 0.00 |
Self-perceived weight status | ||||
Lighter than average | 15.1 | 10.2 | 19.9 | 0.00 |
Average | 38.4 | 39.4 | 37.6 | |
Heavier than average | 46.5 | 50.5 | 42.6 | |
Self-rated health | ||||
Poor | 16.0 | 18.8 | 13.3 | 0.00 |
Fair | 45.5 | 45.9 | 45.2 | |
Good | 38.4 | 35.3 | 41.4 | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Educational attainment | ||||
Middle school | 21.0 | 25.3 | 16.9 | 0.00 |
High school | 39.8 | 40.6 | 39.0 | |
Some college and above | 39.2 | 34.2 | 44.0 | |
Age | 42.9 (10.6) | 43.1 (10.6) | 42.6 (10.6) | 0.00 |
Parent’s education | ||||
No school | 14.5 | 15.0 | 14.1 | 0.16 |
Lower secondary | 51.2 | 51.7 | 50.7 | |
Upper secondary/above | 34.3 | 33.4 | 35.2 | |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 15.8 | 11.2 | 20.3 | 0.00 |
Married | 77.8 | 80.0 | 75.7 | |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 6.4 | 4.0 | 8.8 | |
Region of residence | ||||
Metropolitan cities | 47.9 | 49.0 | 46.9 | 0.01 |
Small cities | 34.6 | 34.8 | 34.5 | |
Rural area | 17.4 | 16.2 | 18.6 | |
Annual household income (10,000 won) | 5222.4 (10,197.0) | 5193.5 (10,651.0) | 5250.2 (9737.6) | 0.78 |
Occupational status | ||||
Professional worker | 14.4 | 12.5 | 21.7 | 0.00 |
Clerical/service/sales worker | 25.9 | 25.0 | 27.0 | |
Manual worker | 27.8 | 16.8 | 38.0 | |
Not in the labor force | 31.9 | 45.7 | 13.3 | |
Health behaviors | ||||
Hours of work | 6.2 (3.5) | 5.1 (3.4) | 8.0 (2.9) | 0.00 |
Smoking | ||||
Current Smoker | 35.2 | 8.4 | 61.1 | 0.00 |
Former smoker | 12.5 | 4.0 | 20.6 | |
Non-smoker | 52.4 | 87.6 | 18.3 | |
Drinking | ||||
Never | 20.3 | 29.3 | 11.7 | 0.00 |
Light drinker | 24.7 | 36.3 | 13.6 | |
Light and frequent drinker | 16.7 | 19.0 | 14.5 | |
Moderate drinker | 14.4 | 8.8 | 19.7 | |
Heavy drinker (60–80 g ethanol/a day) | 11.6 | 3.7 | 19.2 | |
Binge drinker (> 80 g ethanol/a day) | 12.2 | 2.9 | 21.3 | |