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Table 4 Exact Means of HAZ and WAZ and prevalence of stunted, underweight and immunised children

From: Social and environmental determinants of child health in Mongolia across years of rapid economic growth: 2000-2010

  

Mean HAZ (±SD)

  

Mean WAZ (±SD)

  

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

Sex

Male

−1.18 (1.50)

−0.55 (2.80)***

−0.74 (1.38)**

−0.65 (1.36)

−0.23 (1.30) ***

−0.11 (1.21)**

Female

−1.06 (1.55)

−0.41 (2.91)***

−0.69 (1.40)***

−0.54 (1.36)

−0.19 (1.36) ***

−0.07 (1.24)**

Age

0-11 months

−0.55 (1.64)

0.17 (2.84) ***

−0.07 (1.42)*

−0.13 (1.48)

0.47 (1.37) ***

0.58 (1.30)

12-23 months

−1.43 (1.61)

−0.98 (2.47) ***

−1.00 (1.37)

−0.74 (1.40)

−0.31 (1.30) ***

−0.27 (1.27)

24-35 months

−1.14 (1.41)

−0.51 (2.82) ***

−0.78 (1.34)*

−0.69 (1.29)

−0.36 (1.21) ***

−0.23(1.12)*

36-47 months

−1.29 (1.34)

−0.57 (3.00) ***

−0.87 (1.32)*

−0.71 (1.25)

−0.51 (1.18) **

−0.28 (1.08)***

48-59 months

−1.20 (1.39)

−0.59 (2.02) ***

−0.90 (1.26)*

−0.79 (1.21)

−0.46 (1.31) ***

−0.32(1.02)*

Number of children under age 5 in the home

1

−0.93 (1.46)

−0.41 (2.81) ***

−0.63 (1.33)**

−0.46 (1.34)

−0.16 (1.32) ***

−0.04(1.24)**

2

−1.32 (1.57)

−0.66 (2.83) ***

−0.86 (1.47)*

−0.73 (1.37)

−0.33 (1.33) ***

−0.17 (1.19)**

3

−1.61 (1.53)

−0.56 (3.75) **

−0.97 (1.59)

−1.01 (1.40)

−0.50 (1.33) **

−0.40 (1.22)

4

0.14 (1.66)

n/a

−3.91 (1.41)

−0.19 (0.69)

n/a

−1.41 (0.91)

Maternal Education level

None

−1.59 (1.41)

−0.93 (2.84) *

−1.27 (1.22)

−1.10 (1.35)

−0.55 (1.29) **

−0.51 (1.19)

Primary

−1.42 (1.50)

−0.74 (2.64) ***

−1.04 (1.44)

−0.81 (1.38)

−0.46 (1.21) ***

−0.39 (1.15)

Secondary

−1.04 (1.49)

−0.63 (2.76) ***

−0.80 (1.38)*

−0.52 (1.35)

−0.31 (1.33) ***

−0.13 (1.22)***

Vocational

−1.13 (1.46)

−0.40 (2.75) ***

−0.65 (1.29)

−0.69 (1.30)

−0.10 (1.38) ***

−0.07 (1.19)

University

−0.78 (1.57)

−0.04 (3.08) ***

−0.40 (1.37)***

−0.32 (1.32)

0.09 (1.29) ***

−0.13 (1.23)

Household economic status

Poorest

−1.45 (1.46)

−0.81 (2.61) ***

−1.04 (1.33)**

−0.82 (1.38)

−0.49 (1.21) ***

−0.33 (1.16)**

Second

−1.35 (1.52)

−0.83 (2.68) ***

−0.84 (1.47)

−0.74 (1.38)

−0.40 (1.25) ***

−0.15 (1.24)***

Middle

−1.17 (1.51)

−0.41 (2.92) ***

−0.65 (1.27)*

−0.67 (1.28)

−0.21 (1.33) ***

−0.03(1.23)*

Fourth

−0.95 (1.52)

−0.12 (3.05) ***

−0.51 (1.43)**

−0.47 (1.38)

0.04 (1.44) ***

−0.05 (1.23)

Richest

−0.55 (1.46)

−0.02 (3.01) ***

−0.11 (1.28)

−0.17 (1.44)

0.17 (1.35) ***

−0.31 (1.20)

Water source

Poor

−1.41 (1.48)

−0.60 (2.75) ***

−0.85 (1.38)**

−0.82 (1.37)

−0.35 (1.23) ***

−0.17(1.21)***

Improved

−0.92 (1.52)

−0.43 (2.90) ***

−0.64 (1.39)**

−0.44 (1.36)

−0.15 (1.37) ***

−0.04 (1.23)**

Sanitation facility

Poor

−1.25 (1.51)

−0.75 (2.57) ***

−1.01 (1.32)**

−0.69 (1.37)

−0.44 (1.25) ***

−0.30 (1.14)*

Improved

−0.57 (1.44)

−0.38 (2.94) *

−0.62 (1.40)***

−0.19 (1.27)

−0.13 (1.35)

−0.02 (1.24)**

Place of Residence

Urban

−0.82 (1.53)

−0.30 (3.00) ***

−0.51 (1.40)**

−0.40 (1.31)

−0.05 (1.42) ***

0.08 (1.28)**

Rural

−1.35 (1.49)

−0.69 (2.67) ***

−0.88 (1.36)**

−0.74 (1.38)

−0.39 (1.20) ***

−0.23 (1.16)***

Region of Residence

Ulaanbaatar

−0.66 (1.51)

0.04 (3.45) ***

−0.38 (1.46)***

−0.29 (1.26)

0.14 (1.55) ***

0.22 (1.39)

West

−1.40 (1.43)

−0.58 (3.07) ***

−1.08 (1.24)***

−0.75 (1.34)

−0.49 (1.16) ***

−0.33 (1.16)**

Khangai

−1.39 (1.53)

−0.82 (2.08) ***

−0.80 (1.44)

−0.77 (1.38)

−0.45 (1.17) ***

−0.14 (1.18)***

Central

−0.99 (1.52)

−0.66 (2.01) ***

−0.52 (1.37)

−0.41 (1.40)

−0.13 (1.21) ***

−0.05 (1.22)

East

−1.26 (1.51)

−0.74 (3.10) **

−0.68 (1.14)

−0.99 (1.32)

−0.27 (1.26)

−0.07 (1.14)*

Total

 

−1.12 (1.53)

−0.48 (2.85)***

−0.72 (1.39)***

−0.59 (1.36)

−0.21(1.33)***

−0.09 (1.23)***

  

Stunting Prevalence

Underweight Prevalence

Full immunisation Prevalence

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

Sex

Male

26.5

20.9

13.6

13.6

6.0

4.2

72.1

76.2

97.5

Female

24.4

20.1

13.0

13.0

6.4

3.9

71.1

73.6

98.1

Age

0-11 months

16.6

11.1

5.2

9.1

2.8

2.3

33.4

82.6

97.9

12-23 months

34.3

27.0

20.4

15.8

6.4

5.9

82.5

80.5

98.8

24-35 months

23.0

19.2

13.4

14.1

9.0

4.5

83.5

74.6

98.1

36-47 months

26.7

23.5

13.6

13.9

6.7

3.8

83.7

71.3

97.2

48-59 months

28.0

22.7

13.5

14.3

6.5

3.5

82.3

63.9

94.9

Number of children under age 5 in the home

1

20.6

18.6

11.7

10.5

5.9

3.5

72.8

76.6

97.7

2

30.8

24.1

15.9

16.4

6.9

4.9

70.2

70.7

98.1

3

38.0

32.7

20.0

20.3

8.2

6.9

70.2

72.7

99.0

4

0.0

n/a

n/a

100.0

n/a

n/a

75.0

n/a

n/a

Maternal Education level

None

38.7

32.1

24.6

19.4

13.0

9.8

63.9

73.5

97.9

Primary

32.8

24.4

18.7

17.6

8.4

6.9

69.9

70.6

97.5

Secondary

24.5

22.6

14.9

11.8

7.1

4.2

67.6

75.4

97.5

Vocational

23.2

15.9

8.5

14.8

3.6

2.8

73.9

74.2

99.2

University

16.8

14.1

8.3

8.3

3.2

2.1

79.3

75.8

98.1

Household economic status

Poorest

33.0

25.2

19.8

18.0

8.2

6.3

70.2

72.1

97.1

Second

30.2

25.2

14.7

16.1

8.3

4.3

69.9

74.5

97.6

Middle

27.2

19.8

10.2

12.7

5.2

3.4

70.5

77.1

97.9

Fourth

21.8

15.0

9.8

11.8

4.3

2.3

73.1

77.5

98.5

Richest

12.2

13.9

4.7

6.2

3.5

1.4

75.1

77.6

98.9

Water source

Poor

32.4

21.0

15.9

17.9

6.8

5.0

68.6

71.4

98.0

Improved

20.8

20.2

11.9

10.2

5.9

3.6

73.7

76.6

97.7

Sanitation facility

Poor

28.7

24.1

19.0

15.0

6.4

5.9

70.8

70.6

97.1

Improved

12.3

19.2

11.4

9.1

5.1

3.4

74.9

76.5

98.1

Place of Residence

Urban

18.9

18.4

10.4

9.5

5.4

2.8

72.6

73.4

98.2

Rural

30.5

22.8

15.6

16.2

7.1

5.0

70.9

76.5

97.5

Region of Residence

Ulaanbaatar

15.3

18.3

9.6

7.3

5.0

2.8

80.2

72.0

99.0

West

29.9

25.7

19.0

15.4

7.5

5.9

75.0

64.8

98.0

Khangai

32.9

19.0

13.5

16.7

7.5

4.6

69.1

74.3

95.8

Central

22.7

15.9

10.8

10.5

4.9

3.3

69.5

87.7

97.8

East

28.2

27.8

11.9

21.4

6.3

3.0

54.4

81.7

98.7

Total

 

25.5

20.5

13.3

13.3

6.2

4.1

71.6

74.9

97.8

  1. This table gives both the mean values for HAZ and WAZ and the prevalence (by percentage) of stunted, underweight and immunised children over the years by each health indicator used to measure equality. Statistical significance of change 2000 to 2005 (2005 values) or 2005 to 2010 (2010 values): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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