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Table 2 Average marginal effects (AMEs) times 100 of reporting more health problems than the reference group and model fit (R2 change)

From: Different indicators of socioeconomic status and their relative importance as determinants of health in old age

 

Mobility limitations (n = 1763)1

R2 change

ADL limitations (n = 2036)

R2 change

Psychological distress (n = 1596)

R2 Change

AME (%)

p value

AME (%)

p value

AME (%)

p value

 

Education

Model 1

  -High

(Ref)

[0.001] 2

12%3

(Ref)

[0.236]

3%

(Ref)

[0.060]

15%

  -Medium

7.02

0.039

 

1.43

0.229

 

9.46

0.022

 

  -Low

12.16

0.001

 

1.99

0.103

 

9.42

0.022

 

Model 2

  -High

(Ref)

[0.398]

1%4

(Ref)

[0.921]

0%

(Ref)

[0.468]

3%

  -Medium

2.53

0.251

 

0.42

0.933

 

4.93

0.305

 

  -Low

5.08

0.531

 

0.12

0.767

 

2.87

0.568

 

Social class

Model 1

  -High

(Ref)

[0.001]

12%

(Ref)

[0.021]

5%

(Ref)

[0.104]

12%

  -Medium

5.33

0.052

 

1.04

0.221

 

4.52

0.145

 

  -Low

9.10

0.000

 

2.01

0.007

 

5.79

0.035

 

Model 2

  -High

(Ref)

[0.680]

0%

(Ref)

[0.937]

1%

(Ref)

[0.949]

1%

  -Medium

−0.12

0.971

 

0.54

0.141

 

−0.83

0.829

 

  -Low

1.96

0.559

 

1.39

0.583

 

0.01

0.997

 

Occupational complexity

Model 1

  -High

(Ref)

[0.015]

9%

(Ref)

[0.043]

4%

(Ref)

[0.012]

18%

  -Medium

8.49

0.004

 

0.26

0.153

 

4.95

0.181

 

  -Low

10.15

0.011

 

1.73

0.806

 

10.34

0.011

 

Model 2

  -High

(Ref)

[0.510]

2%

(Ref)

[0.128]

1%

(Ref)

[0.094]

8%

  -Medium

4.23

0.281

 

−1.03

0.400

 

2.42

0.567

 

  -Low

4.79

0.250

 

0.15

0.914

 

7.23

0.128

 

Income

Model 1

  -High

(Ref)

[0.000]

13%

(Ref)

[0.007]

7%

(Ref)

[0.006]

27%

  -Medium

10.37

0.000

 

2.44

0.002

 

10.58

0.004

 

  -Low

13.05

0.000

 

2.30

0.007

 

9.93

0.002

 

Model 2

  -High

(Ref)

[0.019]

7%

(Ref)

[0.102]

3%

(Ref)

[0.072]

18%

  -Medium

7.37

0.005

 

1.88

0.025

 

8.70

0.037

 

  -Low

9.31

0.014

 

1.81

0.058

 

8.42

0.023

 

SEP-index

Model 1

  -High

(Ref)

[0.000]

16%

(Ref)

[0.008]

6%

(Ref)

[0.011]

20%

  -Medium

8.53

0.000

 

6.18

0.021

 

28.64

0.003

 

  -Low

10.38

0.000

 

9.56

0.002

 

20.09

0.044

 
  1. Results in bold: p < 0.05
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and linkage. Model 2: model 1 + all independent variables were analyzed simultaneously
  3. 1Outcome variables have different scales: mobility limitations (0–2), ADL (0–10) and psychological distress (0–4)
  4. 2Numbers in square brackets [] are p-values for the contribution of the whole variable (likelihood ratio test)
  5. 3McKelvey & Zavoina’s pseudo-R2 change compared to a model without that specific indicator of SEP
  6. 4Pseudo-R2 change to model 2 attributed to that specific indicator of SEP
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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