Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample and main study variables, by study groups (NÂ =Â 536)
From: Anxiety and depression in older patients: the role of culture and acculturation
Characteristics | Natives (NIs) (n = 87) | Veteran immigrants (VIs) (n = 197) | Veteran Russian immigrants (VRIs) (n = 51) | Recent Russian immigrants (RRIs) (n = 197) | F/χ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD# | 76.00 ± 4.91 | 79.81 ± 5.72 | 79.10 ± 6.38 | 77.66 ± 5.43 | 11.02*** NI < VI = VRI, VI = VRI > RRI |
Gender (female), n (%) | 29 (33.3) | 80 (40.6) | 30 (58.8) | 115 (58.4) | 22.7*** VRIÂ =Â RRIÂ >Â NIÂ =Â VI, VRIÂ >Â NI, VI |
Year of immigration, mean ± SD | – | 1945 ± 5.29 | 1969 ± 12.18 | 1994 ± 4.09 | 3194.07*** VI < VRI < RRI |
Social support (hours), mean ± SD | 5.68 ± 3.91 | 5.57 ± 3.57 | 5.29 ± 3.91 | 3.18 ± 2.48 | 21.43** RRI < NI = VRI = VI |
Cognitive status, mean ± SD | 8.69 ± 1.56 | 8.70 ± 1.40 | 8.06 ± 2.08 | 8.96 ± 1.30 | 5.17** VRI < RRI, VI, NI = VI = RRI |
Functional status (^ADL), mean ± SD | 91.70 ± 16.08 | 91.53 ± 17.06 | 90.71 ± 14.52 | 94.87 ± 9.99 | 2.39, p = 0.08 |
Severity of acute illness, mean ± SD | 11.81 ± 4.37 | 11.67 ± 4.73 | 10.02 ± 3.50 | 10.84 ± 4.43 | 1.75, p = 0.15 |
Comorbidity (Charlson), mean ± SD | 2.70 ± 2.23 | 2.68 ± 2.25 | 2.31 ± 1.91 | 2.28 ± 2.07 | 1.66, p = 0.14 |
Cardiovascular diagnosis, n (%) | 32 (37.2) | 59 (29.9) | 22 (43.1) | 78 (39.6) | 5.42, p = 0.14 |
Depression symptoms, mean ± SD | 51.88 ± 15.01 | 51.45 ± 15.08 | 56.12 ± 16.72 | 51.09 ± 14.84 | 1.68, p = 1.15 |
Anxiety symptoms, mean ± SD | 18.35 ± 5.23 | 18 ± 5.03 | 21 ± 5.83 | 20.2 ± 5.23 | 7.42*** VRI = RRI > VI = NI, VRI > VI, NI |