Variables | Model 1 (individual characteristics) | Model 2 (model 1+ childhood SES + child health) | Model 3 (model 2 + adult SES) | Model 4 (model 3 + adult health) |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI); p-value | OR (95% CI); p-value | OR (95% CI); p-value | OR (95% CI); p-value | |
Individual characteristics | ||||
 Gender: women (vs men) | 1.739 (1.588–1.904); <0.001** | 1.655 (1.505–1.821); <0.001** | 1.185 (1.067–1.314); <0.002** | 1.091 (0.966–1.233); 0.167 |
 Age group: | ||||
  60–69 (vs <45–59) | 2.350 (2.074–2.663); <0.001** | 2.111 (1.853–2.406); <0.001** | 1.685 (1.482–1.915); <0.001** | 1.567 (1.378–1.781); <0.001** |
  70–79 | 4.429 (3.859–5.083); <0.001** | 4.002 (3.462–4.626); <0.001** | 3.058 (2.618–3.572); <0.001** | 2.808 (2.406–3.278); <0.001** |
  ≧80 | 9.639 (7.398–12.558); <0.001** | 7.310 (5.306–10.071); <0.001** | 5.037 (3.850–6.590); <0.001** | 4.687 (3.582–6.134); <0.001** |
 Marital status: not in marriage (in marriage) | 1.485 (1.268–1.739); <0.001** | 1.454 (1.228–1.723); <0.001** | 1.370 (1.168–1.607); <0.001** | 1.380 (1.177–1.618); <0.001** |
 Ethnicity: Minority (vs Han) | 1.450 (1.115–1.887); <0.006** | 1.385 (1.059–1.811); 0.02* | 1.278 (0.993–1.645); 0.057 | 1.239 (0.978–1.568); 0.075 |
Childhood SES | ||||
 Birth place: rural (vs urban) | 1.688 (1.336–2.133); <0.001** | 1.157 (0.912–1.468); 0.229 | 1.154 (0.910–1.463); 0.236 | |
 Father’s education: no education (vs some education) | 1.482 (1.321–1.663); <0.001** | 1.194 (1.060–1.345); 0.004** | 1.198 (1.062–1.353); 0.004** | |
 Father ‘s occupation: manual (vs no manual) | 1.258 (1.082–1.462); 0.003** | 1.050 (0.907–1.214); 0.514 | 1.071 (0.923–1.243); 0.363 | |
Childhood health: less than good (vs good) | 1.025 (0.892–1.178); 0.729 | 1.032 (0.914–1.166); 0.608 | 1.010 (0.890–1.146); 0.878 | |
Adult SES | ||||
 Education (vs junior high and above) | ||||
  Illiterate | 3.218 (2.660–3.893); <0.001** | 3.300 (2.721–4.000); <0.001** | ||
  Only read and write | 2.114 (1.762–2.536); <0.001** | 2.133 (1.776–2.561); <0.001** | ||
  Finished primary | 1.483 (1.259–1.746); <0.001** | 1.483 (1.261–1.743); <0.001** | ||
 Household incomes per capita: | ||||
  Low (vs high) | 2.108 (1.764–2.520); <0.001** | 2.118 (1.761–2.547); <0.001** | ||
  Middle (vs high) | 1.826 (1.535–2.173); <0.001** | 1.793 (1.502–2.141); <0.001** | ||
Adult health and behaviors | ||||
 Chronic diseases: yes (vs no) | 1.842 (1.652–2.053); <0.001** | |||
 Currently smokers: no (vs yes) | 1.047 (0.886–1.236); 0.590 | |||
 Currently drinkers: no (vs yes) | 1.203 (1.053–1.374); 0.006** |