Table 2 Prevalence of ADL and IADL disabilities in Chinese older adults, 2013 (n = 18,448)
Variables | n (%) | One or more difficulties in ADL n (%) | P-value | One or more difficulties in IADL n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender: | |||||
 Men | 8794 (47.7) | 1304 (14.8) | <0.001** | 1804 (20.5) | <0.001** |
 Women | 9654 (52.3) | 1878 (19.5) | 2915 (30.2) | ||
Age group (years): | |||||
 45–59 | 9590 (52.0) | 1013 (10.6) | <0.001** | 1485 (15.5) | <0.001** |
 60–69 | 5485 (29.7) | 1047 (19.1) | 1587 (29.0) | ||
 70–79 | 2552 (13.8) | 761 (29.9) | 1116 (43.9) | ||
 ≧80 | 821 (4.5) | 355 (43.7) | 517 (63.7) | ||
Marital status: | |||||
 Married | 16,023 (86.9) | 2462 (15.4) | <0.001** | 3671 (22.9) | <0.001** |
 Other | 2425 (13.1) | 720 (29.7) | 1048 (43.2) | ||
Ethnicity: | |||||
 Han | 17,033 (92.3) | 2908 (17.1) | 0.028* | 4297 (25.2) | <0.001** |
 Minority | 1415 (7.7) | 274 (19.4) | 422 (29.8) | ||
Childhood SES | |||||
 Birth place: | |||||
  Urban | 1870 (10.1) | 234 (12.6) | <0.001** | 270 (14.5) | <0.001** |
  Rural | 16,578 (89.9) | 2944 (17.8) | 4447 (26.8) | ||
 Father’s education: | |||||
  No education | 10,396 (56.4) | 2051 (19.7) | <0.001** | 3169 (30.5) | <0.001** |
  Some education | 6554 (35.5) | 866 (13.2) | 1173 (17.9) | ||
 Father’s occupation: | |||||
  No manual | 3983 (21.6) | 575 (14.4) | <0.001** | 724 (18.2) | <0.001** |
  Manual | 12,770 (69.2) | 2338 (18.3) | 3569 (27.9) | ||
Childhood health | |||||
 Good | 12,816 (69.5) | 2127 (16.6) | 0.006** | 3175 (24.8) | 0.020* |
 Less than good | 4321 (23.4) | 796 (18.4) | 1147 (26.6) | ||
Adult SES | |||||
 Education: | |||||
  Illiterate | 4838 (26.2) | 1229 (25.4) | <0.001** | 2210 (45.7) | <0.001** |
  Only read and write | 3291 (17.8) | 660 (20.1) | 962 (29.2) | ||
  Finished primary | 4040 (21.9) | 679 (16.8) | 834 (20.6) | ||
  Junior high and above | 6279 (34.1) | 614 (9.8) | 713 (11.4) | ||
 Household incomes per capita | |||||
  Low | 4628 (25.1) | 957 (20.9) | <0.001** | 1450 (31.7) | <0.001** |
  Middle | 9215 (50.0) | 1749 (19.1) | 2658 (29.0) | ||
  High | 4605 (24.9) | 463 (10.2) | 586 (12.9) | ||
Adult health and behaviors | |||||
 Chronic diseases: | |||||
  No | 6426 (34.8) | 542 (17.0) | <0.001** | 8386 (61.1) | <0.001** |
  Yes | 12,022 (65.2) | 5884 (38.5) | 3636 (77.1) | ||
 Currently smokers: | |||||
  No | 15,455 (83.8) | 2771 (17.9) | <0.001** | 4088 (26.5) | <0.001** |
  Yes | 2993 (16.2) | 411 (13.7) | 631 (21.1) | ||
 Currently drinkers: | |||||
  No | 13,606 (73.8) | 2605 (19.1) | <0.001** | 3859 (28.4) | <0.001** |
  Yes | 4842 (26.2) | 577 (11.9) | 860 (17.8) | ||