Prospective associations of psychosocial adversity in childhood with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood: the MRC National Survey of Health and Development

Table 1 Distribution of exposures and outcomes in participants included in the study compared to those excluded due to missing data

	Included^a (n=2230)		Excluded^a (n=3132)
	Percentage (%)	N with data	Percentage (%)	N with data	P value for difference
Psychosocial adversity exposures
Maltreated	5.5	1998	7.7	1042	0.02
Low maternal bonding	17.7	1952	20.8	992	0.04
Parental absence from household	1.9	2230	2.0	3132	0.80
Parental physical illness or disability	23.8	2230	18.4	3132	<0.01
Parental mental illness	2.2	2230	2.1	3132	0.85
Parental divorce or separation	6.1	2230	5.7	3132	0.48
Parental death	7.8	2230	7.4	3129	0.64
Cumulative adversity score
0	52.4	1862	64.9	934
1	35.9		26.8		<0.01
2	9.5		7.2
3+	2.2		2.2
Outcomes	Mean (SD)/Median (IQR)	N with data	Mean (SD)/Median (IQR)		P value
BMI (kg/m²)	27.9 (4.8)	2217	-		-
Waist circumference (cm)	96.5 12.9	2217	-		-
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)	136.4 (18.3)	2216	-		-
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)	77.8 (10.0)	2216	-		-
Glucose (mmol/dl)	5.7 (1.2)	2009	-		-
Insulin (u/ml)^b	44 (29, 66)	1038	-		-
Triglycerides (mmol/l)^b	1.1 (0.8, 1.6)	1981	-		-
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.5 (1.0)	1969	-		-
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.6 (0.4)	2064	-		-
CRP (mmol/l)^b	2.1 (1.3, 3.8)	2063	-		-
CIMT (mm)	0.7 (0.1)	1564	-		-
PWV	8.9 (7.8)	1287	-		-

BMI – body mass index. LDL- low density lipoprotein. HDL – high density lipoprotein. CRP – C-reactive protein. CIMT – carotid intima-media thickness. PWV – pulse wave velocity.
Psychosocial adversity exposures are given as percentages in the exposed group.
^aIncluded participants are those who had at least one measure of psychosocial adversity in childhood and at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Characteristics are presented on complete case for each variable and missing data was imputed using multivariate multiple imputation. Excluded participants are those excluded due to missing data and characteristics are presented for those with data available for each variable. There are no available data for cardiovascular risk factors in excluded participants as they did not attend the clinic at age 64 years.
^bMedian and interquartile range are presented for non-normally distributed variable

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