Psychosocial factors associated with the mental health of indigenous children living in high income countries: a systematic review

Young, Christian; Hanson, Camilla; Craig, Jonathan C.; Clapham, Kathleen; Williamson, Anna

doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0652-5

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 1 Study characteristics

From: Psychosocial factors associated with the mental health of indigenous children living in high income countries: a systematic review

Region	Study	Sample size	Male (%)	Age (range or mean) or school grade	Mental health outcome	Mental health measure
US (mainland)
	Costello [35], 1997	323	53	9–13	Symptoms of child/adolescent psychiatric disorders	CAPA
	Federman [36] 1997	431	Not reported	9–15	Symptoms of child/adolescent psychiatric disorders	CAPA
	Cummins [45], 1999	13,454	49	14.5	Positive mental health	Emotional Health scale (bespoke measure)
	Fisher [66], 1999	112	46	14.82	Psychopathological behaviour	CBCL
	Wall [72], 2000	96	52	8–13	Internalising and externalising symptoms	CBCL
	Whitbeck [30], 2001	195	54	9–16	Internalising symptoms	YSR
	Rieckmann [39], 2004	332	41	14–20	Depression	CDI, DSM-IV, MMPI
	Bearinger [40], 2005	569	48	9–15	Violence	Bespoke measure
	Newman [52], 2005	96	47	12–15	Internalising symptoms, positive mental health	SAS, SMFQ, RSE, PANAS-X, YSR, SEQ, FES
	La Fromboise [60], 2006	212	54	10–15	Positive mental health	Bespoke measure
	Silmere [67], 2006	401	45	15.6	Positive mental health	DIS-IV, YSR, CIS
	Whitesell [70], 2006	1252	48	14–17	Self-esteem	RSE
	Jones [46], 2007	137	47	14–19	Self-esteem, depression	RSE, CES-D
	Stiffman [62], 2007	385	Not reported	12–19	Behaviour and emotional problems	YSR
	Stiffman [47], 2007	401	Not reported	12–19	Depression, conduct disorder	YSR, CIS
	Scott [49], 2008	112	53	13–19	Depressive symptoms	IDD
	Hamill [58], 2009	151	54	7-12th grade	Depressive symptoms	CDI
	Albright [54], 2010	114	47	11–15	Hopelessness	HSC
	La Fromboise [55], 2010	438	46	Adolescents	Hopelessness	BHS
	Galliher [56], 2011	137	49	14–19	Self-esteem, social functioning	CASAFS, RSE
	Scott [50], 2012	198	46	5-8th grade	Depressive symptoms	CDI
	Stumblingbear-Riddle [48], 2012	196	42	14–18	Self esteem	TECSES
	Mileviciute [41], 2013	93	51	Grades 5–8	Depressive symptoms	CDI
	Mileviciute [51], 2014	146	36	13–18	Depressive symptoms, externalising problems	CDI, YSR
	Smokowski [42], 2014	1358	49	13.4	Internalising and externalising symptoms, self-esteem	SSP, YSR, RSE
	Bell [74], 2014	79	41	11–18	Depressive symptoms, self-esteem	CES-DC, RSE
	Tyser [43], 2014	164	47	Grades 5–12	Depressive symptoms	CDI
	Brokie [68], 2015	132	49	15–19	Depression and PTSD symptoms	BDI-IA, Short Screen for PTSD
US (mainland) and Canada
	Hartshorn [65], 2012	692	50	10–12 at first wave	Aggression	DSM-IV
	Whitbeck [73], 2006	656	50	9–13	Childhood mental disorders	DISC-R
Canada
	Mykota [57], 2006	480	51	6–18	Psychosocial functioning	BRP-2
	Flanagan [61], 2011	65	58	11–19	Internalising and externalising symptoms	T-CRS, CDI, RCMAS-2, peer report
	Lemstra [53], 2011	204	44	5–8 grade	Depressed mood	CES-D
	Lemstra [75], 2011	204	44	10–16	Depressed mood	CES-D
	Ames [44], 2013	283	48	12	Depressive symptoms, self-esteem	CES-D, SDQ-2
	Kaspar [71], 2013	12,366	51	6–14	Psychological or nervous difficulties	Clinical diagnosis
Australia
	Silburn [31], 2007	1073	Not reported	12–17	Clinically significant emotional and behavioural problems	SDQ
	Priest [63], 2011	345	47	16–20	Social and emotional wellbeing	Strong Souls Survey
	Zubrick [32], 2011	5289	Not reported	0–17	Clinically significant emotional and behavioural problems	SDQ
	Shepherd [33], 2012	3993	51	4–17	Clinically significant emotional and behavioural difficulties	SDQ
	Askew [69], 2013	344	52	7.3	Child’s behaviour	Parent report
	Hopkins [34], 2013	674	50	12–17	Clinically significant emotional and behavioural difficulties	SDQ
	Hopkins [24], 2014	1021	50	12–17	Clinically significant emotional and behavioural difficulties	SDQ
Hawaii
	Makini [64], 1996	1819	45	Grades 9 to 12	Internalising and externalising symptoms	CES-D, STAI, BADS
	Goebert [37], 2000	2634	Not reported	Grades 9 to 12	Internalising and externalising symptoms	CES-D, STAI, BADS
	Carlton [38], 2006	1173	46	Grades 9–12	Internalising and externalising symptoms	CES-D, STAI, BADS
	Hishinuma [59], 2012	3189	46	Grades 9–12	Depression	CES-D

BADS Braver Aggression Detection Scale; BDI-IA amended Beck Depression Inventory; BHS Beck Hopelessness Scale; BRP-2 Behaviour Rating Profile-2nd Edition; CAPA Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment; CASAFS Child and Adolescent Social and Adaptive Functioning Scale; CBCL Child Behaviour Checklist; CDI Children’s Depression Inventory; CES-D Centre for Epidemiology Studies-Depression; CIS Columbia Impairment Scale; DBD Disruptive Behaviour Disorders Rating Scale; DIS-IV National Institute for Mental Health’s Diagnostic Interview Schedule; DISC-R Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Revised; DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition; FES Family Environment Scale; HSC The Hopelessness Scale for Children; IDD Inventory to Diagnose Depression; MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; PANAS-X Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; RCMAS-2 Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale; RSE Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SAS-A Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents; SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ-2 Marsh’s Self-Description Questionnaire; SEQ Social Experiences Questionnaire; SMFQ Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; SSP School Success Profile; STAI Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; T-CRS Teacher-Child Rating Scale; TECSES Tri-Ethnic Center’s Self Esteem Scale; YSR Youth Self-Report

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-9276

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com