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Table 2 Multivariate logistic regressions of ARI between regions; regression coefficients and significance Demographic and Health Survey 2003, 2008 and 2013

From: Factors contributing to regional inequalities in acute respiratory infections symptoms among under-five children in Nigeria: a decomposition analysis

Variables

2003

aOR

(95% C.I)

2008

aOR

(95% C.I)

2013

aOR

(95% C.I)

Child’s residential characteristics

 Region

  South West

1

1

1

  North central

0.91 (0.51, 1.63)

1.22 (0.70, 2.14)

2.31 (1.25, 4.26)**

  North east

2.75 (1.58, 4.79)***

5.91 (3.51, 9.96)***

8.51(4.72, 15.3)***

  North west

1.27 (0.72, 2.23)

1.51 (0.87, 2.62)

1.31 (0.69, 2.48)

  South East

1.27 (0.68, 2.35)

1.63 (0.88, 3.02)

2.87 (1.52, 5.40)**

  South South

1.79 (0.99, 3.24)**

3.10 (1.83, 5.25)***

2.20(1.17, 4.13)**

 Urban rural

  Urban

1

1

1

  Rural

1.25 (0.89-, 1.74)

0.99 (0.72, 1.36)

0.96 (0.70, 1.33)

 Cooking methods

  Kerosene/Charcoal

1

1

1

  Biomass

0.75 (0.46, 1.21)

0.83 (0.56, 1.24)

1.69(1.05, 2.71)**

  Others

0.66 (0.27, 1.58)

0.26 (0.06, 1.13)

0.92 (0 .34, 2.45)

Child Characteristics

  Child’s gender (female)

  Male

1

1

1

  Female

0.94 (0.76, 1.16)

1.06 (0.89, 1.27)

0.96 (0.80, 1.15)

 Child’s age (months)

  0–5

1

1

1

  6–11

1.37 (0.92, 2.04)

1.57 (1.08, 2.29)**

1.85 (1.25, 2.73)**

  12–23

1.15 (0.77, 1.70)

1.47 (1.03, 2.10)**

1.95 (1.36, 2.80)***

  24–35

0.93 (0.62, 1.39)

1.27 (0.88, 1.82)

1.40 (0.96, 2.04)

  36–59

0.65 (0.45, 0.95)

0.93 (0.67, 1.31)

0.70 (0.48, 1.01)

 Birth order and interval

  1st birth

1

1

1

  2 to 4 and short

1.10 (0.75, 1.64)

0.70 (0.47, 1.03)

0 .81 (0.54, 1.19)

  2 to 4 and long

0.84 (0.62, 1.14)

0.92 (0 .71, 1.20)

1.07 (0.81, 1.40)

  5 to + and short

0.70 (0.43, 1.15)

1.08 (0.76, 1.55)

1.26 (0.85, 1.85)

  5 to + and long

0.85 (0.62, 1.16)

1.03 (0.78, 1.35)

1.19 (0.90, 1.58)

 Height/Age (chronic)

  Deficit

1

1

1

  Normal

1.17 (0.92, 1.49)

0.81 (0.66, 0 .98)**

0.97 (0.79, 1.20)

  Above normal

1.15 (0.63, 2.11)

1.13 (0.76, 1.68)

0.48 (0.25, 0.91)**

 BCG

  Received

1

1

1

  No

0.95 (0.68, 1.32)

0.67 (0.51, 0 .86) **

1.0 (0.75, 1.35)

  Don’t know

0.73 (0.21, 2.63)

0.57 (0.13, 2.51)

2.04 (0.45, 9.17)

 Child has health Card

  No card

1

1

1

  Yes (seen/no seen)

1.11 (0.79, 1.57)

0.72 (0.43–1.18)

1.26 (0.93, 1.71)

  No longer has card

1.38 (0.73, 2.59)

0.68 (0.51, 0.90)**

1.12 (0.57, 2.19)

 Maternal education

  No education

1

1

1

  Primary

1.06 (0.78, 1.43)

1.08 (0.84, 1.39)

1.24 (0.95, 1.63)

  Secondary

0.77 (0.53, 1.12)

0.95 (0.68, 1.31)

1.69 (1.25, 2.30)**

  Higher

1.07 (0.55, 2.09)

0.83 (0.42, 1.65)

1.35 (0.73, 2.49)

 Household wealth index

  Poorest

1

1

1

  Poorer

0.92 (0.66, 1.28)

1.30 (1.01, 1.68)**

1.18 (0.91, 1.55)

  Middle

1.00 (0.70, 1.43)

0.96 (0.70, 1.32)

0.91 (0.65, 1.27)

  Richer

0.84 (0.55, 1.28)

0.95 (0.64, 1.39)

0.58 (0.38, 0.88)**

  Richest

0.49 (0.27, 0.93)**

0.63 (0.36, 1.13)

0 .48 (0.27, 0.87)**

Outcome measure

   

Symptoms of ARI

   
  1. All odds ratios were estimated taking into account sampling weights
  2. CI confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratios
  3. p < 0.05**, 0.001***