Factors contributing to regional inequalities in acute respiratory infections symptoms among under-five children in Nigeria: a decomposition analysis

Adesanya, Oluwafunmilade A.; Darboe, Amadou; Mendez Rojas, Bomar; Abiodun, Deji Emmanuel; Beogo, Idrissa

doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0626-7

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of ARI and determinants by region, DHS 2003, 2008 and 2013 Nigeria

From: Factors contributing to regional inequalities in acute respiratory infections symptoms among under-five children in Nigeria: a decomposition analysis

	North West			North East			North Central			South East			South South			South West
Variables	2003 N = 1517%wt^a	2008 N = 6772%wt^a	2013 N = 8760%wt^a	2003 N = 1234%wt^a	2008 N = 5699%wt^a	2013 N = 5856%wt^a	2003 N = 893%wt^a	2008 N = 4505%wt^a	2013 N = 4286%wt^a	2003 N = 460%wt^a	2008 N = 2160%wt^a	2013 N = 2553%wt^a	2003 N = 482%wt^a	2008 N = 2979%wt^a	2013 N = 3498%wt^a	2003 N = 573%wt^a	2008 N = 3084%wt^a	2013 N = 3643%wt^a
ARI prevalence (%)	8.9	1.9	0.9	16.2	7.5	5.1	6.8	1.4	2.06	6.4	1.8	2.1	12.2	3.5	1.7	6.8	1.0	0.8
Child’s gender (female)
Female	48.9	49.7	50.7	47.8	50	48.5	49.6	49.2	49.7	56.2	48.8	49.4	50.2	48.9	49.9	45.1	49.1	49.6
Male	51.0	50.2	49.2	52.1	49.9	51.4	50.3	50.7	50.2	43.7	51.1	50.5	49.7	51.01	50.1	54.8	50.8	50.3
Child’s age (months)
0–5	12.8	10.9	9.8	12.2	12.5	10.7	11.4	11.3	10.7	10.2	11.4	10.5	12.7	12.1	10.3	13.9	11.4	10.2
6–11	12.2	11.9	11.8	12.5	10.4	10.5	14.2	11.5	10.1	7.51	10.9	12.2	12.6	11.6	11.1	14.2	11.9	11.4
12–23	19.6	20.3	20.0	17.9	19.6	20.3	19.1	18.6	20.2	21.2	20.7	21.2	17.6	20.1	21.5	16.6	19.2	20.1
24–35	18.6	18.5	18.3	18.8	18.4	18.7	18.9	18.4	19.8	28.3	19.4	19.1	21.7	19.1	20.1	17	18.4	18.8
36–59	36.5	38.2	39.8	38.3	38.8	39.5	36.2	40.0	39.1	32.6	37.4	36.7	35.2	37.1	36.8	38.1	38.8	39.2
Birth order and interval
1st birth	18.1	16.3	16.01	16.8	15.3	16.8	20.9	18.6	20.8	24.1	22.2	22.6	24.0	22.3	25.5	26.9	24.9	23.6
2 to 4 and short	10.0	9.9	8.8	11.8	9.7	11.2	10.1	8.9	9.4	19.8	17.8	16.4	8.2	12.1	11.5	9.85	8.9	10.2
2 to 4 and long	32.3	32.9	31.9	29.9	32.3	32.5	36.9	39.5	39.7	29.1	30.2	31.9	32.02	36.2	35.9	43.8	47.2	43.4
5 to + and short	8.6	8.95	9.4	9.9	9.9	9.3	4.62	5.8	5.3	6.5	7.6	6.3	6.0	6.3	5.3	1.3	2.7	3.2
5 to + and long	30.9	31.7	33.8	31.4	32.7	30.1	27.3	27.1	24.8	20.5	22.0	22.7	29.6	23	21.7	17.9	16.1	16.5
Height/Age (chronic)
Deficit	55.7	49.3	51.2	43.4	45	37.5	32.1	39.1	25.7	19.5	17.5	11.9	17.3	26.2	14.9	24.6	26.6	17.2
Normal	42.2	45.2	46.2	53.6	49.7	57.4	64.7	56.4	69.4	72.2	74.6	82.4	76.6	69.2	76.3	72.8	68.2	78.5
Above normal	1.96	5.39	2.5	2.9	5.19	5.07	3.2	4.4	4.8	8.2	7.8	5.6	6.0	4.5	8.7	2.5	5.1	4.2
Received BCG
No	74.5	80.2	77.8	63.9	73.6	65.1	40.8	40.8	41.1	13.9	21.1	13.3	28.5	25.2	18.7	13.5	18.4	17.6
DK	0	0.5	0.1	2.2	0.2	0.2	0.7	1.1	0.4	2.3	0.5	0.5	1.9	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.1
Child has health Card
Yes (seen/no seen)	17.7	16.9	20.7	29.4	25.5	34.6	50.3	49.0	50.5	84.8	79.3	83.3	56.3	69.8	75.9	78.6	61.8	80.8
No longer has card	2.8	1.8	1.5	0.8	4.0	1.57	5.5	3.6	4.7	2.3	1.2	1.3	4.9	4.2	4.3	5.7	18.8	0.4
Household Characteristics
Cooking methods
Kerosene	10.5	5.4	6.9	2.8	2.5	7.4	11.9	11.9	14.1	58.9	28.1	30.1	28.1	31.1	35.5	67.3	58.8	66.1
Biomass	88.5	93.9	92.7	95.9	96.9	91.6	85.7	85.9	83.1	38.8	69.5	67.5	64.8	64.3	57.3	27.4	38.2	28.6
Others	0.9	0.6	0.4	1.3	0.6	0.9	2.2	2.1	2.7	2.2	2.3	2.3	6.9	4.5	7.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Maternal education
No education	73.1	78.0	76.2	71.1	73.2	70.2	41.2	43.6	41.4	7.2	6.9	4.5	9.9	6.5	7.19	12.1	14.5	10.6
Primary	13.1	13.1	12.3	16.8	16.5	14.2	36.0	29.5	25.8	32.1	31.1	27.1	38	35.3	28.1	31.8	28.4	25.4
Secondary	12.1	7.3	10.1	10.4	9.06	12.8	19.9	21.5	26.0	48.3	50.2	57.6	45.5	49.8	53.5	47.6	44.2	48.7
Higher	1.5	1.46	1.3	1.5	1.21	2.63	2.98	5.37	6.77	12.2	11.6	10.7	6.5	8.3	11.1	8.37	12.8	15.1
Household wealth index
Poorest	20.6	31.9	37.1	34.9	46.4	39.4	19.9	23.3	12.3	7.8	5.3	6.0	18.0	7.1	0.4	9.9	4.8	2.2
Poorer	27.2	32.7	31.1	24.3	24.2	27.4	18.5	24.5	22.6	11.7	10.7	12.7	15.4	16.3	10.7	6.5	11.1	7.6
Middle	22.8	17.8	15.1	20.2	16.3	15.5	26.9	24.9	32.3	14.3	25.0	23.5	16.8	22.5	27.0	6.9	13.3	12.5
Richer	19.5	11.2	10.6	15.4	10.0	11.3	22.4	15.3	19.8	12.9	31.0	28.0	24.8	28.1	31.7	18.4	25.2	28
Richest	9.72	6.2	5.9	5.1	2.9	6.2	12.1	11.8	12.9	53.1	27.8	29.0	24.8	25.9	30.1	58.1	45.5	49.7
Type of residence
Urban	25.3	18.2	23.6	25.2	26.2	25.4	21.4	25.2	22.7	49.3	46.1	69.9	25.3	27.6	35.2	69.1	55.8	72.1
Rural	74.6	81.7	76.3	74.7	73.8	74.5	78.5	74.7	77.2	50.6	53.8	30.0	74.6	72.3	64.7	30.8	44.1	27.8

^aUnweighted N’s and weighted percentages and means are reported. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding

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