Table 5 Adjusted Odds Ratios for the impact of ACEs (4+ ACEs score)^† on chronic diseases, mental health, and risky health behaviors in KSA: Stratified analysis of men and women

 Diabetes

2.6 (2.0 - 3.4)

2.1 (1.7 - 2.7)

 Hypertension

1.8 (1.4 - 2.3)

2.3 (1.8 - 2.8)

 CHD

1.9 (1.2 - 2.7)

2.2 (1.5 - 3.1)

 Obesity

2.2 (1.2 - 3.5)

2.5 (1.7 - 3.7)

 Depression

3.1 (2.3 - 4.3)

7.0 (5.2 - 9.4)

 Anxiety

3.2 (2.4 - 4.1)

6.4 (5.0 - 8.2)

 Other mental illness

3.7 (2.7 - 5.2)

7.4 (5.2 - 10.6)

 Smoking

2.3 (2.0 - 2.9)

3.3 (2.4 - 3.9)

 Drinking alcohol

9.2 (6.3 - 13.6)

3.9 (2.6 - 6.0)

 Using drug

9.7 (6.4 - 14.5)

3.8 (2.5 - 5.7)

 Not doing regular exercise

1.5 (1.3 - 1.9)

1.3 (1.1 - 1.7)

 Premarital sexual relations

6.3 (5.0 - 8.1)

6.9 (4.5 - 9.4)