Table 1 Factors associated with cesarean births in Chiapas, 2011–2014
Characteristics | n | Type of birth (%) | 95% Confidence interval | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaginal | Cesarean | Lower | Upper | ||
Type of delivery | 349,058 | 64.4 | 35.6 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
Order of birth (n = 346,789) | |||||
First or second | 218,912 | 59.6 | 40.4 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
Third to fifth | 108,187 | 71.1 | 28.9 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
Sixth to tenth | 18,533 | 83.6 | 16.4 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
Eleventh or greater | 1157 | 82.5 | 17.6 | 0.15 | 0.20 |
Maternal age, y (n = 345,740) | |||||
< 17 | 27,790 | 70.5 | 29.5 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
18–24 | 145,033 | 67.5 | 32.5 | 0.32 | 0.33 |
25–34 | 139,167 | 61.2 | 38.8 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
35–44 | 32,895 | 58.5 | 41.5 | 0.41 | 0.42 |
≥ 45 | 855 | 70.2 | 29.8 | 0.27 | 0.33 |
Maternal level of schooling (n = 342,768) | |||||
None or did not finish primary school | 74,998 | 77.0 | 23.0 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
Finished primary school | 87,993 | 71.6 | 28.4 | 0.28 | 0.29 |
Finished secondary school | 96,953 | 65.4 | 34.6 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
Finished high school | 52,171 | 54.0 | 46.1 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
University or postgraduate degree | 30,653 | 28.4 | 71.6 | 0.71 | 0.72 |
Total prenatal checkups (n = 329,384) | |||||
0–1 | 31,422 | 78.7 | 21.4 | 0.21 | 0.22 |
2–5 | 98,853 | 71.2 | 28.9 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
≥ 6 | 199,109 | 59.1 | 40.9 | 0.41 | 0.41 |
Trimester of first prenatal checkup (n = 338,693) | |||||
None | 24,323 | 77 | 23 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
First | 218,463 | 60 | 40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
Second | 79,090 | 71 | 29 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
Third | 16,817 | 71 | 29 | 0.28 | 0.30 |
Facility where birth occurred (n = 317,286) | |||||
Secretary of Health | 188,792 | 66.3 | 33.7 | 0.33 | 0.34 |
IMSS-Oportunidades | 61,539 | 76.8 | 23.2 | 0.23 | 0.24 |
IMSS | 25,579 | 50 | 50 | 0.49 | 0.51 |
ISSSTE | 4373 | 30.1 | 69.9 | 0.69 | 0.71 |
PEMEX, SEDENA, or SEMAR | 2228 | 60.2 | 39.8 | 0.38 | 0.42 |
Other public facility | 2867 | 27.8 | 72.2 | 0.71 | 0.74 |
Private medical facility | 31,908 | 13.9 | 86.1 | 0.86 | 0.87 |
Indigenous presence (n = 349,058) | |||||
Indigenous population | 97,410 | 75.3 | 24.7 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
Population with indigenous presence | 187,040 | 57.5 | 42.5 | 0.42 | 0.43 |
Dispersed indigenous population | 64,608 | 68.6 | 31.9 | 0.31 | 0.32 |
Human Development Index (n = 349,023) | |||||
Low | 2,241 | 97.6 | 2.4 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Medium low | 129,155 | 81.2 | 18.8 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
Medium high | 145,944 | 55.2 | 44.8 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
High | 71,683 | 51.9 | 48.1 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
Maternal marital status (n = 340,386) | |||||
Married at any time | 2152 | 67.8 | 32.2 | 0.30 | 0.34 |
Married | 318,360 | 64.8 | 35.2 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
Single | 19,874 | 60 | 40 | 0.39 | 0.40 |
Maternal health affiliation program (n = 327,705) | |||||
None | 65,822 | 70.3 | 29.7 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
IMSS | 31,194 | 44.8 | 55.2 | 0.54 | 0.56 |
ISSSTE | 6597 | 25.4 | 74.6 | 0.73 | 0.76 |
PEMEX, SEDENA or SEMAR | 2497 | 58.9 | 41.1 | 0.39 | 0.43 |
SP | 208,421 | 67 | 33 | 0.32 | 0.33 |
IMSS-Oportunidades | 9028 | 85.4 | 14.7 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
Other | 4146 | 26.1 | 73.9 | 0.72 | 0.75 |
Multiple pregnancies (n = 348,210) | |||||
One | 343,276 | 64.9 | 35.1 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
Multiple | 4934 | 29.7 | 70.3 | 0.69 | 0.71 |
Weight of newborn, g (n = 327,613) | |||||
< 2,500 g | 18,625 | 48.2 | 51.8 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
2501–3999 | 297,873 | 65.4 | 34.6 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
≥ 4000 | 11,115 | 59.9 | 40.1 | 0.39 | 0.41 |
Gestational age, weeks (n = 345,148) | |||||
< 28 | 678 | 70.7 | 29.4 | 0.26 | 0.33 |
28–36 | 15,999 | 40.9 | 59.1 | 0.58 | 0.60 |
37–41 | 324,824 | 65.5 | 34.5 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
42–45 | 3647 | 43.7 | 56.3 | 0.55 | 0.58 |
Hospitalization period, days (n = 266,933) | |||||
0–1 | 119,804 | 65.4 | 34.6 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
2–7 | 44,554 | 59.7 | 40.3 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
8–30 | 52,285 | 64.5 | 35.5 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
31–99 | 30,091 | 65.0 | 35.0 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
≥ 100 | 20,199 | 62.7 | 37.3 | 0.36 | 0.38 |