Table 1 Characteristics of respondents stratified by NCDs, adults aged 50+, China (2008–2010) and Ghana (2008–2009), SAGE Wave 1
Characteristics | China (n = 11,814) | Ghana (n = 4,050) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No morbidity (n = 3,018) | Single Morbidity (n = 5,287) | Multimorbidity (n = 3,509) | No Morbidity (n = 1,000) | Single Morbidity (n = 1,828) | Multimorbidity (n = 1,222) | |
Overall rates | 25.5% | 44.8% | 29.7% | 24.7% | 45.1% | 30.2% |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 1,485 (27.19) | 2,473 (46.98) | 1,524 (25.83) | 621 (27.41) | 960 (46.88) | 537 (25.71) |
 Female | 1,533 (23.15) | 2,814 (45.20) | 1,985 (31.65) | 379 (20.06) | 868 (45.66) | 685 (34.28) |
Age | ||||||
 50-59 | 1,786 (32.77) | 2,395 (47.79) | 1,005 (19.44) | 452 (26.25) | 764 (48.37) | 394 (25.38) |
 60-69 | 775 (21.20) | 1,594 (46.08) | 1,190 (32.72) | 264 (22.34) | 511 (46.40) | 362 (31.26) |
 70-79 | 380 (16.23) | 1,037 (42.29) | 1,050 (41.48) | 191 (21.63) | 398 (45.28) | 321 (33.10) |
 80+ | 77 (12.43) | 261 (44.33) | 264 (43.24) | 93 (24.05) | 155 (39.67) | 145 (36.29) |
Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 1,461 (25.66) | 2,341 (42.28) | 2,025 (32.06) | 309 (18.95) | 795 (48.74) | 541 (32.31) |
 Rural | 1,557 (24.67) | 2,946 (49.39) | 1,484 (25.94) | 691 (27.34) | 1,033 (44.62) | 681 (28.04) |
Marital Status | ||||||
 Married/Cohabiting | 2,643 (26.31) | 4,408 (45.96) | 2,802 (27.73) | 660 (26.80) | 1,061 (47.72) | 587 (25.48) |
 Unmarried | 26 (24.22) | 52 (52.44) | 23 (23.34) | 16 (44.59) | 16 (30.17) | 14 (25.24) |
 Widow/Separated | 349 (17.84) | 827 (46.33) | 684 (35.82) | 324 (18.90) | 751 (44.66) | 621 (36.43) |
Wealth | ||||||
 1 poorest | 539 (21.60) | 1,085 (48.39) | 740 (30.01) | 259 (30.19) | 358 (46.61) | 188 (23.20) |
 2 | 610 (24.87) | 1,058 (44.31) | 703 (30.83) | 213 (26.62) | 333 (42.20) | 252 (31.18) |
 3 | 607 (25.35) | 987 (44.08) | 762 (30.56) | 184 (23.27) | 361 (44.86) | 260 (31.87) |
 4 | 626 (24.72) | 1,117 (47.11) | 713 (28.16) | 194 (22.03) | 366 (46.00) | 274 (31.97) |
 5 richest | 636 (28.40) | 1,040 (46.62) | 591 (24.98) | 150 (18.65) | 410 (51.38) | 248 (29.97) |
Educational level | ||||||
 No school | 567 (20.18) | 1,346 (46.01) | 960 (33.81) | 566 (25.08) | 953 (43.51) | 693 (31.41) |
  < 6 years | 536 (23.87) | 1,012 (48.58) | 618 (27.54) | 92 (20.50) | 184 (47.20) | 137 (32.30) |
 Primary | 633 (25.98) | 1,043 (46.39) | 687 (27.63) | 111 (26.66) | 224 (50.36) | 105 (22.98) |
 Secondary | 667 (26.16) | 1,065 (47.07) | 673 (26.77) | 51 (26.13) | 69 (46.95) | 45 (26.92) |
 High School | 484 (32.39) | 608 (41.53) | 400 (26.09) | 151 (20.75) | 323 (49.91) | 201 (29.34) |
 University/College | 131 (28.35) | 213 (41.03) | 171 (30.63) | 29 (21.27) | 75 (54.16) | 41 (24.57) |
Work Status | ||||||
 Never Worked | 345 (25.57) | 550 (44.92) | 338 (29.51) | 21 (29.21) | 25 (52.76) | 10 (18.02) |
 Currently working | 1,437 (28.56) | 2,280 (48.98) | 1,043 (22.46) | 760 (25.86) | 1,341 (47.93) | 748 (26.21) |
 Currently not working | 1,236 (21.83) | 2,457 (43.53) | 2,128 (34.65) | 219 (18.81) | 462 (41.87) | 464 (39.32) |
Body Mass Index | ||||||
 Underweight | 198 (39.19) | 208 (38.80) | 122 (22.00) | 190 (32.10) | 249 (41.59) | 163 (26.31) |
 Normal | 2,153 (29.35) | 3,210 (45.00) | 1,948 (25.66) | 645 (27.12) | 997 (45.06) | 652 (27.82) |
 Overweight | 591 (17.42) | 1,592 (49.43) | 1,157 (33.15) | 118 (15.26) | 402 (50.94) | 255 (33.80) |
 Obese | 76 (11.18) | 277 (45.17) | 282 (43.66) | 47 (11.43) | 180 (50.89) | 152 (37.68) |
Physical Activity | ||||||
 High | 1,375 (27.35) | 2,282 (48.70) | 1,206 (23.95) | 678 (25.33) | 1,177 (46.41) | 743 (28.26) |
 Moderate | 833 (24.37) | 1,434 (44.62) | 1,078 (31.01) | 115 (22.73) | 224 (47.24) | 162 (30.03) |
 Low | 810 (22.14) | 1,571 (43.08) | 1,225 (34.78) | 207 (20.89) | 427 (45.54) | 317 (33.56) |
Smoking | ||||||
 Non Smoker | 1,925 (23.48) | 3,500 (45.85) | 2,418 (30.67) | 696 (22.97) | 1,371 (46.76) | 937 (30.27) |
 Former Smoker | 130 (19.11) | 293 (44.01) | 314 (36.88) | 122 (21.27) | 259 (48.61) | 162 (30.12) |
 Current Smoker | 89 (28.82) | 133 (43.39) | 84 (27.78) | 31 (25.58) | 45 (42.97) | 34 (31.45) |
 Current Daily | 874 (30.09) | 1,361 (47.37) | 693 (22.54) | 151 (37.02) | 153 (38.98) | 89 (24.00) |
Alcohol Drinking | ||||||
 No | 2,057 (24.96) | 3,579 (44.94) | 2,492 (30.10) | 386 (22.39) | 754 (45.90) | 528 (31.71) |
 Yes | 961 (25.47) | 1,708 (48.24) | 1,017 (26.29) | 614 (25.02) | 1,074 (46.59) | 694 (28.39) |
Fruit/Veg Intake | ||||||
 Adequate | 2,666 (25.12) | 4,647 (46.53) | 3,008 (28.35) | 273 (21.76) | 657 (55.20) | 290 (23.04) |
 Inadequate | 352 (25.25) | 640 (42.13) | 501 (32.62) | 727 (24.91) | 1,171 (42.21) | 932 (32.88) |