Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of rural single seniors in Shandong, China, 2012
Characteristics | Totala n (%) | Rural single male n (%) | Rural single female n (%) | χ 2/t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observations | 505(100) | 193(38.2) | 312(61.8) | ||
Age | 7.307 | 0.026 | |||
60- | 228(45.1) | 98(50.8) | 130(41.7) | ||
70- | 200(39.6) | 62(32.1) | 138(44.2) | ||
80- | 77(15.2) | 33(17.1) | 44(14.1) | ||
Education | 82.226 | 0.000 | |||
Illiteracy or semiliterate | 354(70.1) | 90(46.6) | 264(84.6) | ||
Primary school | 110(21.8) | 74(38.3) | 36(11.5) | ||
Junior school or above | 41(8.1) | 29(15.0) | 12(3.8) | ||
Past occupation | 11.998 | 0.001 | |||
Farmer | 464(91.9) | 167(86.5) | 297(95.2) | ||
Others | 41(8.1) | 26(13.5) | 15(4.8) | ||
Living arrangements | 33.787 | 0.000 | |||
Alone | 156(30.9) | 70(36.3) | 86(27.6) | ||
With children or others | 349(69.1) | 123(63.7) | 226(72.4) | ||
Number of children | 13.747 | 0.000 | |||
0-3 | 304(60.2) | 136(70.5) | 168(53.8) | ||
> 3 | 201(39.8) | 57(29.5) | 144(46.2) | ||
Relationship with children | 0.225 | 0.635 | |||
Good | 444(87.9) | 168(87.0) | 276(88.5) | ||
Normal or bad | 61(12.1) | 25(13.0) | 36(11.5) | ||
Social support | 29.5 ± 6.3 | 28.5 ± 7.0 | 30.2 ± 5.8 | 32.880 | 0.328 |
Self-reported health status | 3.179 | 0.075 | |||
Good | 240(47.5) | 82(42.5) | 158(50.6) | ||
Normal or bad | 265(52.5) | 111(57.5) | 154(49.4) | ||
Psychological stress | 17.5 ± 7.3 | 17.1 ± 7.3 | 17.7 ± 7.2 | 24.587 | 0.699 |
ADLb | 13.963 | 0.001 | |||
I | 256(50.7) | 117(60.6) | 139(44.6) | ||
II | 134(26.5) | 36(18.7) | 98(31.4) | ||
III | 115(22.8) | 40(20.7) | 75(24.0) | ||
NCDc | 0.274 | 0.601 | |||
Yes | 360(71.3) | 135(69.9) | 225(72.1) | ||
No | 145(28.7) | 58(30.1) | 87(27.9) | ||
Incomed | 4.200 | 0.241 | |||
Q1 | 227(45.0) | 83(43.0) | 144(46.2) | ||
Q2 | 129(25.5) | 58(30.1) | 71(22.8) | ||
Q3 | 105(20.8) | 39(20.2) | 66(21.2) | ||
Q4 | 44(8.7) | 13(6.7) | 31(9.9) | ||
Per-capita living space | 40.9 ± 38.2 | 45.4 ± 49.6 | 38.1 ± 28.8 | 86.844 | 0.713 |