Socioeconomic inequalities in neonatal and postneonatal mortality: Evidence from rural Iran, 1998–2013

Khajavi, Alireza; Pishgar, Farhad; Dehghani, Mina; Naderimagham, Shohreh

doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0570-6

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Multivariate regression analysis of the associations of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in rural areas of Iran with the study variables

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in neonatal and postneonatal mortality: Evidence from rural Iran, 1998–2013

Study variables	Neonatal Mortality Rate				Postneonatal Mortality Rate
Study variables	1998–2001	2002–2005	2006–2009	2010–2013	1998–2001	2002–2005	2006–2009	2010–2013
Proportion of births with low birth weight	0.038	0.042	0.029	0.044	0.012	0.017	0.012	0.009
Proportion of births happened in hospital	−0.003	−0.007	−0.007	−0.002	−0.010	−0.011	−0.011	−0.024
Mean age of mothers	−0.018	0.017	−0.005	−0.001	0.052	0.056	0.042	0.015
Proportion of households covered with insurances	0	0	−0.001	0	0.001	0.001	0	0
Proportion of households with men as the head	−0.002	0.001	0.006	−0.003	0	−0.005	−0.002	−0.003
Proportion of literate women (at reproductive age, 15–49)	−0.004	−0.001	−0.002	−0.003	−0.003	−0.003	−0.006	−0.004
Provinces
Alborz	0.252	0.063	0.311	0.738	0.420	−0.026	0.392	−0.173
Ardebil	0.536	0.642	0.805	0.717	0.257	0.189	0.338	0.068
Bushehr	0.519	0.776	0.846	0.916	−0.028	−0.067	0.091	0.089
Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari	0.377	0.538	0.901	0.853	0.191	0.033	0.066	−0.092
East Azarbaijan	0.465	0.470	0.541	0.400	0.258	0.191	0.167	−0.010
Fars	0.437	0.541	0.649	0.716	0.098	0.037	0.182	−0.061
Gilan	0.398	0.574	0.724	0.762	−0.245	−0.329	−0.085	−0.147
Golestan	0.395	0.621	0.635	0.637	0.299	0.267	0.301	−0.044
Hamedan	0.445	0.775	0.749	1.022	0.394	0.222	0.077	−0.103
Hormozgan	0.266	0.422	0.721	0.997	0.037	−0.230	0.082	0.113
Ilam	0.421	0.249	0.908	0.987	0.045	0.015	0.224	0.064
Isfahan	0.291	0.494	0.562	0.620	0.209	0.032	0.321	0.165
Kerman	0.182	0.367	0.724	0.822	0.120	−0.095	0.178	0.145
Kermanshah	0.640	0.756	0.875	1.163	0.296	0.098	0.206	0.211
Khuzestan	0.348	0.629	0.839	0.979	0.354	0.233	0.195	0.215
Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad	0.486	0.520	0.608	0.634	0.177	−0.064	0.257	0.040
Kurdistan	0.622	0.839	0.920	0.900	0.139	−0.201	−0.129	−0.041
Lorestan	0.552	0.848	0.693	0.841	0.130	0.035	0.131	−0.167
Markazi	0.277	0.442	0.521	0.590	0.048	0.234	0.213	0.018
Mazandaran	0.206	0.360	0.550	0.463	−0.133	−0.233	−0.008	−0.336
North Khorasan	0.568	0.710	0.902	0.894	0.658	0.468	0.455	0.374
Qazvin	0.329	0.642	0.597	0.563	0.336	0.116	−0.017	0.030
Qom	0.452	0.318	0.738	0.293	−0.035	−0.084	0.028	−0.234
Razavi Khorasan	0.401	0.583	0.787	0.803	0.485	0.261	0.240	0.140
Semnan	0.504	0.633	0.800	0.852	0.360	0.332	0.543	0.205
Sistan & Baluchestan	0.084	0.309	0.618	0.790	0.275	0.253	0.249	0.083
South Khorasan	0.572	0.435	0.990	0.912	0.280	0.201	0.414	0.357
West Azarbaijan	0.344	0.613	0.728	0.845	0.039	0.036	−0.034	−0.283
Yazd	0.196	0.349	0.504	0.676	0.136	0.103	0.491	0.266
Zanjan	0.371	0.597	0.822	0.584	−0.187	0.127	0.223	0
Adjusted R-Square (%)	18.9	22.9	13.9	20.3	36.5	24.3	14.1	13.9

Regression models were generated to investigate the associations between neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates and the proportion of deliveries occurring in the hospital, mean maternal age, proportion of households covered by insurance, proportion of households headed by men, and proportion of literate women of reproductive age. Moreover, provincial effects were assessed using 30 dummy variables to compare the effect of each province, with Tehran as the reference group. The calculated coefficients are presented in the table and significant coefficients (those with p-values lower than 0.05) are shown in bold

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