From: Influence maternal background has on children’s mental health
Emotional symptoms | Behaviour problems | Hyperactivity | Peer problems | Antisocial behaviour | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Health variables | |||||
SRH (very good and good) | |||||
Fair, bad and very bad SRH | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 0.94 (0.79–1.14) | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 1.07 (0.86–1.34) | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) |
Depression | 1.20* (0.92–1.57) | 1.25* (0.99–1.59) | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) | 1.18 (0.88–1.57) | 0.63* (0.39–1.04) |
Tranquilizer prescription(s) | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | 0.95 (0.72–1.27) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 1.04 (0.75–1.46) | 1.25 (0.75–2.10) |
Antidepressant prescription(s) | 1.23 (0.83–1.82) | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 1.41* (0.93–2.12) | 1.28 (0.63–2.60) |
Mental health index | 1.16** (1.12–1.20) | 1.09** (1.06–1.13) | 1.07** (1.04–1.11) | 1.08** (1.04–1.12) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) |
Smoker (yes) | |||||
Yes, occasionally | 1.10 (0.68–1.79) | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) | 0.56** (0.36–0.88) | 1.25 (0.76–2.05) | 0.83 (0.38–1.80) |
In the past | 0.83* (0.65–1.07) | 0.80** (0.65–0.99) | 0.85* (0.69–1.04) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) | 1.02 (0.70–1.50) |
No | 0.79** (0.64–0.96) | 0.65** (0.55–0.77) | 0.75** (0.64–0.89) | 0.83* (0.67–1.03) | 1.11 (0.83–1.50) |
Sleep (<=8 h) | 1.11 (0.81–1.51) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) | 1.04 (0.75–1.45) | 0.51** (0.29–0.91) |
Physical activity (sitting) | |||||
Standing | 1.33** (1.05–1.68) | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) | 0.99 (0.78–1.28) | 1.13 (0.80–1.60) |
Walking and carrying | 1.26* (0.92–1.73) | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 1.16 (0.89–1.51) | 1.41** (1.02–1.94) | 1.05 (0.65–1.71) |
Heavy tasks | 1.51 (0.80–2.87) | 1.79** (1.04–3.07) | 0.99 (0.56–1.73) | 1.68* (0.89–3.18) | 0.49 (0.11–2.16) |
BMI (under and normal weight) | |||||
Overweight | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) | 0.81** (0.66–0.99) | 0.73** (0.60–0.89) | 0.95 (0.74–1.22) | 1.08 (0.76–1.55) |
Obese | 0.83 (0.60–1.18) | 0.71** (0.53–0.95) | 0.75* (0.56–1.00) | 1.11 (0.78–1.57) | 1.41 (0.84–2.38) |
Weight perception (much more than normal) | |||||
More than normal | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | 1.22 (0.69–2.15) |
Normal | 0.72* (0.50–1.04) | 0.69** (0.50–0.95) | 0.69** (0.50–0.95) | 0.86 (0.58–1.26) | 1.52* (0.83–2.79) |
Less than normal | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 0.79 (0.50–1.25) | 0.97 (0.62–1.52) | 0.99 (0.57–1.73) | 1.95* (0.84–4.50) |
Socioeconomic determinants | |||||
Age (15–35 years old) | |||||
36–45 years old | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 0.76** (0.63–0.93) | 0.89 (0.70–1.13) | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) |
46–55 years old | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | 0.79* (0.60–1.03) | 0.98 (0.70–1.38) | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) |
56–65 years old | 1.31 (0.20–8.69) | 0.85 (0.16–4.62) | 0.30 (0.03–2.53) | 2.46 (0.44–1.38) | 1.12 (0.11–15.81) |
66–75 years old | 0.03 (2.4e-6–436) | 0.02 (2.5e-6–183) | 0.03 (2.4e-6–482) | 0.16 (1.2e-6–2.1e4) | 39.98 (0.01–118530) |
> 75 years old | 0.19 (9.9e-7–3.65e4) | 0.11 (1.7e-6–7129) | 0.17 (1.2e-6–2.3e4) | 0.19 (1.0e-7–3.3e4) | 0.92 (5.9e-9–1.4e08) |
Nationality (Spanish) | |||||
Foreign | 0.84 (0.60–1.17) | 0.82* (0.62–1.09) | 0.81* (0.61–1.07) | 1.70** (1.25–2.32) | 0.80 (0.48–1.33) |
Foreign and Spanish | 1.00 (0.51–1.96) | 0.57* (0.30–1.10) | 0.81 (0.44–1.49) | 1.01 (0.50–2.04) | 1.20 (0.43–3.37) |
Marital status (single) | |||||
Married | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 0.83* (0.63–1.09) | 0.79* (0.60–1.04) | 0.69** (0.50–0.95) | 0.98 (0.57–1.68) |
Widowed | 0.69 (0.33–1.43) | 0.74 (0.39–1.41) | 0.37** (0.18–0.75) | 0.93 (0.45–1.91) | 0.80 (0.16–3.94) |
Separated | 0.84 (0.52–1.33) | 0.88 (0.59–1.32) | 0.87 (0.58–1.31) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 1.21 (0.54–2.70) |
Divorced | 0.68* (0.42–1.08) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 1.02 (0.69–1.51) | 0.82 (0.52–1.31) | 2.21** (1.04–4.72) |
Social class (Class I, II) | |||||
Class III | 1.02 (0.73–1.42) | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | 1.24* (0.95–1.62) | 0.75* (0.53–1.05) | 1.78** (1.15–2.74) |
Class IV, V, VI | 1.24 (0.91–1.69) | 1.29** (1.00–1.66) | 1.58** (1.23–2.02) | 1.01 (0.74–1.37) | 1.73** (1.13–2.63) |
Education (none) | |||||
Primary | 0.62* (0.38–1.02) | 0.77 (0.49–1.20) | 0.69* (0.44–1.07) | 0.69* (0.42–1.14) | 0.66 (0.33–1.31) |
Secondary | 0.67* (0.39–1.13) | 0.62* (0.40–1.03) | 0.67* (0.42–1.06) | 0.69* (0.40–1.17) | 0.87 (0.42–1.80) |
Tertiary | 0.59* (0.34–1.03) | 0.53** (0.32–0.86) | 0.58** (0.36–0.95) | 0.75 (0.43–1.31) | 1.02 (0.48–2.17) |
Current activity (working) | |||||
Retired | 0.38* (0.13–1.12) | 1.10 (0.50–2.44) | 0.98 (0.42–2.24) | 0.39* (0.12–1.27) | 0.02 (1.4e-5–22.64) |
Studying | 1.17 (0.38–3.63) | 0.73 (0.26–2.05) | 2.27* (0.84–6.15) | 0.70 (0.22–2.31) | 0.02 (2.8e-6–161.3) |
Homemaker | 0.76** (0.58–0.99) | 0.75** (0.60–0.94) | 0.76** (0.61–0.95) | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) | 1.11 (0.78–1.57) |
Unemployed short-term | 0.95 (0.60–1.48) | 0.88 (0.59–1.30) | 1.27 (0.87–1.85) | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) | 0.99 (0.51–1.93) |
Unemployed long-term | 0.91 (0.54–1.53) | 0.69* (0.44–1.09) | 0.78 (0.51–1.20) | 0.89 (0.52–1.52) | 0.77 (0.36–1.65) |
Person of reference | 1.26* (0.99–1.60) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 1.15* (0.94–1.41) | 1.37** (1.07–1.76) | 0.95 (0.66–1.36) |
Household characteristics | |||||
Number of minors in the household (<3) | |||||
Three | 0.83 (0.57–1.22) | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) | 0.98 (0.72–1.34) | 0.94 (0.64–1.37) | 1.64** (1.02–2.63) |
More than three | 1.21 (0.52–2.80) | 1.58* (0.79–3.19) | 1.51 (0.75–3.02) | 1.00 (0.42–2.38) | 0.60 (0.13–2.75) |
Number of adults in the household | |||||
Single parent | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.93 (0.68–1.27) | 0.70* (0.48–1.01) | 0.51** (0.27–0.98) |
Between 3 and 4 | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 1.13* (0.94–1.36) | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) | 1.42** (1.04–1.94) |
More than 4 | 0.90 (0.44–1.84) | 1.02 (0.57–1.83) | 1.09 (0.61–1.93) | 1.16 (0.60–2.24) | 1.03 (0.40–2.67) |
Interactions | |||||
period*retired | 4.94* (0.61–39.97) | 0.99 (0.16–6.14) | 1.20 (0.17–8.57) | 0.03 (2.5e-6–258) | 43.59 (0.01–1.3e5) |
period*studying | 0.07 (2.2e-6–2.4e3) | 0.05 (2.4e-6–877) | 1.28 (0.06–25.99) | 0.23 (7.8e-7–6.6e4) | 0.99 (3.2e-9–3e8) |
period*homemaker | 1.36 (0.85–2.12) | 1.25 (0.84–1.86) | 2.03** (1.37–3.00) | 0.90 (0.53–1.52) | 1.26 (0.55–2.89) |
period*unempl short-term | 1.11 (0.56–2.18) | 0.95 (0.53–1.73) | 0.84 (0.47–1.49) | 2.00** (1.00–4.00) | 2.23* (0.72–6.91) |
period*unempl long-term | 0.91 (0.44–1.88) | 1.74* (0.95–3.19) | 1.67* (0.92–3.01) | 1.64* (0.78–3.44) | 2.27* (0.69–7.53) |
period*Class III | 0.89 (0.49–1.62) | 0.83 (0.50–1.38) | 0.82 (0.50–1.34) | 1.26 (0.65–2.43) | 0.43* (0.15–1.22) |
period*Class IV,V,VI | 0.70* (0.41–1.20) | 0.79 (0.50–1.24) | 0.68* (0.44–1.06) | 0.87 (0.48–1.56) | 0.31** (0.12–0.79) |
period*primary | 1.23 (0.38–3.97) | 0.85 (0.30–2.35) | 1.51 (0.51–4.46) | 0.73 (0.22–2.36) | 0.20** (0.04–0.91) |
period*secondary | 1.15 (0.35–3.84) | 0.81 (0.29–2.31) | 1.28 (0.43–3.87) | 0.76 (0.23–2.56) | 0.09** (0.02–0.48) |
period*tertiary | 0.98 (0.28–3.40) | 0.62 (0.21–1.83) | 1.48 (0.48–4.56) | 0.44 (0.13–1.57) | 0.07** (0.01–0.40) |