Equitable health services for the young? A decomposition of income-related inequalities in young adults’ utilization of health care in Northern Sweden

Mosquera, Paola A.; Waenerlund, Anna-Karin; Goicolea, Isabel; Gustafsson, Per E.

doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0520-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Decomposition of the concentration index of GP visits among young people in Northern Sweden

From: Equitable health services for the young? A decomposition of income-related inequalities in young adults’ utilization of health care in Northern Sweden

	Women					Men					Total
	Coeff	Elast	CI	Cont to C	%	Coeff	Elast	CI	Cont to C	%	Coeff	Elast	CI	Cont to C	%
Sex
Men
Women											0.105***	0.650	−0.013	−0.009	9.0
Age
16–18 years
19–22 years	0.026	0.039	0.104	0.004	−5.1	−0.029	−0.073	0.016	−0.001	1.1	0.000	0.000	0.066	0.000	0.0
23–25 years	0.010	0.010	−0.306	−0.003	4.0	−0.037	−0.058	−0.079	0.005	−4.6	−0.014	−0.016	−0.215	0.003	−3.5
Self-rated health
Very good
Good	0.122***	0.214	0.012	0.003	−3.3	−0.021	−0.061	−0.020	0.001	−1.2	0.055*	0.115	−0.002	0.000	0.3
Fair	0.226***	0.133	−0.074	−0.010	12.5	−0.010	−0.007	−0.129	0.001	−0.9	0.120**	0.074	−0.098	−0.007	7.4
Poor/Very poor	0.372***	0.042	−0.081	−0.003	4.3	0.074	0.010	−0.143	−0.001	1.4	0.249**	0.029	−0.104	−0.003	3.2
Long term illness	0.134***	0.566	−0.014	−0.008	9.7	0.130***	0.913	−0.008	−0.007	6.9	0.135***	0.687	−0.011	−0.008	7.9
Mental health	−0.005*	−0.405	−0.004	0.002	−2.2	0.007**	0.844	−0.012	−0.010	10.2	−0.001	−0.112	−0.009	0.001	−1.1
Health complaints	0.023***	1.026	−0.016	−0.016	20.5	0.011*	0.774	−0.012	−0.009	9.0	0.019***	1.014	−0.017	−0.017	17.2
Subtotal Need				−0.032	40.4				−0.022	22.0				−0.039	40.4
Household income
Lowest quintile	0.066	0.043	−0.795	−0.034	43.5	0.054	0.060	−0.790	−0.048	47.3	0.046	0.036	−0.794	−0.028	29.2
2	−0.040	−0.026	−0.397	0.010	−13.0	0.036	0.040	−0.394	−0.016	15.6	−0.042	−0.019	−0.483	0.009	−9.5
3	−0.006	−0.004	0.000	0.000	0.0	−0.063	−0.069	0.001	0.000	0.1	0.004	0.002	−0.228	0.000	0.5
4	−0.025	−0.016	0.397	−0.006	8.1	0.035	0.039	0.396	0.015	−15.3	−0.031	−0.024	0.106	−0.003	2.6
Highest quintile
Education level
Low level
Medium/High level	−0.052	−0.252	−0.053	0.013	−17.0	0.063*	0.521	−0.003	−0.002	1.6	−0.001	−0.003	−0.033	0.000	−0.1
Type of occupation
Studying
Working	0.047	0.040	−0.127	−0.005	6.5	0.001	0.002	0.048	0.000	−0.1	0.033	0.035	−0.050	−0.002	1.8
Unemployed	−0.017	−0.005	−0.101	0.001	−0.7	0.006	0.004	−0.151	−0.001	0.6	−0.002	−0.001	−0.116	0.000	−0.1
Other	0.019	0.007	−0.018	0.000	0.2	−0.068	−0.032	−0.116	0.004	−3.7	−0.010	−0.004	−0.057	0.000	−0.2
Place of birth
Sweden
Other country	−0.092	−0.315	−0.007	0.002	−3.0	−0.142*	−0.852	−0.020	0.017	−17.3	−0.100*	−0.419	−0.013	0.006	−5.7
Cash margin
Yes
No	0.006	0.008	−0.053	0.000	0.5	−0.012	−0.022	−0.101	0.002	−2.2	−0.003	−0.004	−0.076	0.000	−0.3
Municipality size of residence
> 50,000 habitants with hospital
10,000–50,000 habitants with hospital	0.018	0.011	0.017	0.000	−0.2	0.071	0.069	0.067	0.005	−4.6	0.035	0.025	0.037	0.001	−0.9
10,000–50,000 habitants without hospital	0.046	0.025	−0.089	−0.002	2.8	0.110**	0.108	−0.008	−0.001	0.9	0.077**	0.052	−0.051	−0.003	2.7
< 10,000 habitants without hospital	−0.060	−0.077	0.029	−0.002	2.8	0.027	0.058	−0.017	−0.001	1.0	−0.024	−0.036	0.008	0.000	0.3
Subtotal Non-Need				−0.024	30.5				−0.024	24.0				−0.020	20.3
Total				−0.056					−0.046					−0.059
Residual				−0.023					−0.054					−0.038
C				−0.079**					−0.101*					−0.097***
HI				−0.047					−0.079					−0.058**

Coeff Marginal effects from the probit model, Elast elasticity, CI Concentration index of the social determinants, Cont to C Contribution to the overall concentration index, % unadjusted percentage calculated on the overall explained portion of the C
* 0.01 ≤ p < 0.05; ** 0.001 ≤ p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

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