Table 2 Crude rates of major cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction and stroke events and adjusted hazard ratios (HR), by education, in those with and without prior CVD
| Â | No prior major CVD | Prior major CVD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Events/pya | Crude ratesb | Adjusted HRc (95% CI) | Events/pya | Crude ratesb | Adjusted HRc (95% CI) |
Major CVD | ||||||
 45–64 years | ||||||
  No qualifications | 776/62450 | 12.43 | 1.62 (1.49–1.77) | 644/12269 | 52.49 | 1.49 (1.34–1.65) |
  Cert./diploma/trade | 4663/505833 | 9.22 | 1.27 (1.20–1.35) | 2630/63613 | 41.34 | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) |
  University degree | 1669/236864 | 7.05 | 1.00 | 795/22087 | 35.99 | 1.00 |
   p (test for trend) |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 65–79 years | ||||||
  No qualifications | 1171/41,502 | 28.22 | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 1672/19615 | 85.24 | 1.24 (1.15–1.34) |
  Cert./diploma/trade | 4830/178362 | 27.08 | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 5929/72579 | 81.69 | 1.17 (1.10–1.24) |
  University degree | 1123/44967 | 24.97 | 1.00 | 1147/15962 | 71.86 | 1.00 |
   p (test for trend) |  |  | 0.0032 |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 ≥ 80 years | ||||||
 No qualifications | 744/11810 | 63.00 | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1338/9213 | 145.23 | 1.15 (1.06–1.26) |
 Cert./diploma/trade | 2300/39396 | 58.38 | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 4400/32563 | 135.12 | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) |
 University degree | 483/7912 | 61.05 | 1.00 | 871/6666 | 130.67 | 1.00 |
  p (test for trend) |  |  | 0.0402 |  |  | 0.0009 |
Myocardial infarction | ||||||
 45–64 years | ||||||
  No qualifications | 142/64112 | 2.21 | 2.31 (1.87–2.85) | 103/13973 | 7.37 | 2.57 (1.9–3.47) |
  Cert/diploma/trade | 813/516122 | 1.58 | 1.68 (1.45–1.95) | 351/70833 | 4.96 | 1.69 (1.31–2.17) |
  University degree | 227/240648 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 74/24280 | 3.05 | 1.00 |
   p (test for trend) |  |  | <.0001 |  |  | <.0001 |
 65–79 years | ||||||
 No qualifications | 201/44059 | 4.56 | 1.62 (1.3–2.01) | 285/23645 | 12.05 | 1.79 (1.46–2.20) |
 Cert./diploma/trade | 756/188974 | 4.00 | 1.44 (1.2–1.72) | 824/87810 | 9.38 | 1.36 (1.14–1.63) |
 University degree | 138/47538 | 2.90 | 1.00 | 137/19134 | 7.16 | 1.00 |
  p (test for trend) |  |  | < .0001 |  |  | < .0001 |
 ≥ 80 years | ||||||
 No qualifications | 157/13017 | 12.06 | 1.37 (1.05–1.80) | 274/11678 | 23.46 | 1.38 (1.13–1.68) |
 Cert./diploma/trade | 470/43431 | 10.82 | 1.18 (0.93–1.49) | 806/40975 | 19.67 | 1.14 (0.95–1.35) |
 University degree | 85/8812 | 9.65 | 1.00 | 154/8424 | 18.28 | 1.00 |
  p (test for trend) |  |  | 0.0164 |  |  | 0.0010 |
Stroke | ||||||
 45–64 years | ||||||
  No qualifications | 97/64333 | 1.51 | 1.48 (1.16–1.87) | 78/14046 | 5.55 | 1.97 (1.42–2.74) |
  Cert./diploma/trade | 601/516740 | 1.16 | 1.21 (1.03–1.41) | 275/70991 | 3.87 | 1.38 (1.06–1.81) |
  University degree | 224/240687 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 67/24376 | 2.75 | 1.00 |
   p (test for trend) |  |  | 0.0009 |  |  | < .0001 |
 65–79 years | ||||||
 No qualifications | 203/44046 | 4.61 | 1.08 (0.88–1.31) | 290/23614 | 12.28 | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) |
 Cert./diploma/trade | 846/188872 | 4.48 | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 940/87274 | 10.77 | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) |
 University degree | 191/47433 | 4.03 | 1.00 | 182/18963 | 9.6 | 1.00 |
  p (test for trend) |  |  | 0.4795 |  |  | 0.0067 |
 ≥ 80 years | ||||||
 No qualifications | 189/12917 | 14.63 | 1.08 (0.85–1.36) | 320/11548 | 27.71 | 1.44 (1.18–1.76) |
 Cert./diploma/trade | 604/43098 | 14.01 | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 991/40330 | 24.57 | 1.32 (1.11–1.57) |
 University degree | 120/8728 | 13.75 | 1.00 | 151/8347 | 18.09 | 1.00 |
  p (test for trend) |  |  | 0.4983 |  |  | 0.0006 |