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Table 4 Annual changes in coverage and inequality measures in six reproductive and maternal interventions, Brazil, from 1986 to 2013

From: Coverage and equity in reproductive and maternal health interventions in Brazil: impressive progress following the implementation of the Unified Health System

Indicator

Group

Average annual change

Coefficient

SE

p-value

Use of modern contraceptives

Overall

0.82

0.04

<0.001

Coverage

Q1 (poorest)

1.74

0.08

<0.001

Q5 (wealthiest)

0.25

0.06

<0.001

Inequality measures

CIX

−0.37

0.03

<0.001

SII

−1.63

0.12

<0.001

Antenatal care 1+ visits (any provider)

Overall

0.61

0.04

<0.001

Coverage

Q1 (poorest)

1.77

0.10

<0.001

Q5 (wealthiest)

0.04

0.03

0.42

Inequality measures

CIX

−0.41

0.03

<0.001

SII

−2.19

0.13

<0.001

Antenatal care 4+ visits (any provider)

Overall

0.79

0.08

<0.001

Coverage

Q1 (poorest)

2.06

0.19

<0.001

Q5 (wealthiest)

0.06

0.08

0.48

Inequality measures

CIX

−0.55

0.06

<0.001

SII

−2.59

0.28

<0.001

1st ANC visit during the 1st trimester

Overall

1.02

0.06

<0.001

Coverage

Q1 (poorest)

2.63

0.11

<0.001

Q5 (wealthiest)

−0.36

0.11

<0.001

Inequality measures

CIX

−0.81

0.05

<0.001

SII

−2.57

0.19

<0.001

Institutional delivery

Overall

0.34

0.04

<0.001

Coverage

Q1 (poorest)

1.29

0.11

<0.001

Q5 (wealthiest)

0.03

0.02

0.18

Inequality measures

CIX

−0.31

0.03

<0.001

SII

−2.38

0.18

<0.001

C-sections

Overall

0.78

0.06

<0.001

Coverage

Q1 (poorest)

1.28

0.08

<0.001

Q5 (wealthiest)

0.84

0.11

<0.001

Inequality measures

CIX

−0.73

0.09

<0.001

SII

−0.46

0.19

0.06

  1. Source: Brazil DHS 1986, DHS 1996, PNDS 2006, PNS 2013
  2. SE standard error, SII slope index of inequality, CIX concentration index