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Table 4 Associations between mother’s and partner’s lifetime experiences of racial discrimination and maternal prenatal and postnatal mental health (n = 4118)

From: The association between maternal and partner experienced racial discrimination and prenatal perceived stress, prenatal and postnatal depression: findings from the growing up in New Zealand cohort study

 

Prenatal perceived stress

Prenatal depression

Postnatal depressiona

Coeff. (95 % C.I)

O.R. (95 % C.I)

O.R. (95 % C.I)

Nobody experienced personal attack

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Mother experienced personal attack

1.32 (0.69–1.95)***

1.44 (1.06–1.95)*

1.43 (0.97–2.06)

 Partner experienced personal attack

0.41 (−0.09–0.92)

1.32 (1.02–1.69)*

1.16 (0.84–1.60)

 Both experienced personal attack

2.09 (1.28–2.90)***

1.85 (1.30–2.63)***

1.66 (1.09–2.54)*

Nobody treated unfairly

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Mother treated unfairly

1.60 (0.97–2.24)***

1.85 (1.39–2.46)***

1.71 (1.22–2.40)***

 Partner treated unfairly

0.40 (−0.15–0.95)

1.42 (1.08–1.86)**

1.12 (0.80–1.57)

 Both treated unfairly

2.28 (1.42–3.14)***

1.88 (1.31–2.71)***

0.92 (0.55–1.53)

  1. aAdditionally adjusted for prenatal depression
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Models adjust for maternal age, equivalised household income, maternal education, mother’s and partner’s ethnicity, and area deprivation