Table 8 Logistic regression results including an Education-Year interaction term for Diabetes, Hypertension and Heart Disease for the Total Population and by Sex, Brazil 1998–2013
From: Time trends in adult chronic disease inequalities by education in Brazil: 1998–2013
Variables | All | Females | Males | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetes | Hypertension | Heart | Diabetes | Hypertension | Heart | Diabetes | Hypertension | Heart | |
Education | |||||||||
No education | 1.66*** | 2.22*** | 2.70*** | 2.83*** | 3.34*** | 3.58*** | 0.82* | 1.40*** | 1.98*** |
Primary or incomplete secondary | 1.60*** | 1.76*** | 1.97*** | 2.32*** | 2.52*** | 2.47*** | 1.17* | 1.20*** | 1.58*** |
Secondary | 0.99 | 1.17*** | 1.40*** | 1.08 | 1.44*** | 1.57*** | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.31*** |
Some college or more | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Year | |||||||||
1998 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
2003 | 1.20** | 1.16*** | 1.05 | 1.14 | 1.25*** | 1.03 | 1.31*** | 1.12** | 1.11 |
2008 | 1.48*** | 1.22*** | 0.94 | 1.37*** | 1.29*** | 0.89 | 1.70*** | 1.23*** | 1.05 |
2013 | 1.70*** | 1.55*** | 0.84 | 1.80*** | 1.58*** | 0.65** | 1.74*** | 1.62*** | 1.07 |
Interaction education x year | |||||||||
No education | |||||||||
2003 | 1.15 | 0.98 | 0.81*** | 1.17 | 0.92 | 0.80** | 1.19 | 0.99 | 0.81** |
2008 | 1.19** | 1.03 | 0.90 | 1.21 | 0.95 | 0.91 | 1.26** | 1.07 | 0.89 |
2013 | 1.39** | 0.74*** | 0.64*** | 1.22 | 0.73*** | 0.76 | 1.63** | 0.71*** | 0.56** |
Primary or incomplete secondary | |||||||||
2003 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.87* | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 1.02 | 0.84* |
2008 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.06 | 0.93 |
2013 | 1.24* | 0.89* | 0.79 | 1.14 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 1.25 | 0.85 | 0.68* |
Secondary | |||||||||
2003 | 1.15 | 0.90** | 0.74*** | 1.23 | 0.83*** | 0.72*** | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.74** |
2008 | 1.19* | 0.99 | 0.87* | 1.33* | 0.92 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.82* |
2013 | 1.32* | 0.92 | 0.77 | 1.29 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 1.27 | 0.88 | 0.60** |
Age (ref = ages 25–49) | |||||||||
50–94 | 5.63*** | 4.93*** | 4.68*** | 5.21*** | 4.83*** | 5.61*** | 6.14*** | 4.83*** | 5.61*** |
Sex (ref = male) | |||||||||
Female | 1.27*** | 1.54*** | 1.24*** | na | na | na | na | na | na |
Race (ref = non-white) | |||||||||
White | 1.02 | 0.89*** | 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.95** | 1.10** | 1.01 | 0.95** | 1.10** |
Proxy | |||||||||
Yes | 0.95 | 0.90*** | 0.90*** | 0.97 | 0.93*** | 0.89*** | 0.97 | 0.93*** | 0.89*** |
Region (ref = Southeast) | |||||||||
North | 0.79*** | 0.69*** | 0.72*** | 0.78*** | 0.70*** | 0.72*** | 0.78*** | 0.70*** | 0.72*** |
Northeast | 0.75*** | 0.80*** | 0.63*** | 0.71*** | 0.77*** | 0.67*** | 0.71*** | 0.77*** | 0.67*** |
Midwest | 0.92** | 0.94*** | 1.08** | 0.87** | 0.94* | 1.02 | 0.87** | 0.94* | 1.02 |
South | 0.90*** | 0.97 | 1.16*** | 0.85** | 0.95 | 1.11** | 0.85** | 0.95 | 1.11** |
Health Insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 1.20*** | 1.14*** | 1.20*** | 1.31*** | 1.23*** | 1.26*** | 1.31*** | 1.23*** | 1.26*** |